The Production Of Radiographic Image Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of x-ray imaging?

A

Conventional radiography
Digital radiography
Computed radiography

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2
Q

Screens and phosphor crystals

A

X-ray excites crystal to emit light —> light exposes film —> more efficient and less radiation

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3
Q

Cassette

A

2 screens inside the cassette with film sandwiched between
Light produced from phosphor crystals embedded in each screen and light exposes the film from both screens

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4
Q

Fast screens

A

Large crystal size
Lower exposure (low mAs, short time)
Sacrifice detail (light is more diffuse)

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5
Q

Par speed (screen)

A

Average sized crystals
Average exposure and detail

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6
Q

Detail screens

A

Smallest crystal size
Highest exposure
Longer mAs
Greatest detail (light is less diffuse)

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7
Q

Characteristics of a good quality radiograph

A

Area of interest is on film
Proper positioning
Good contrast (fat helps)
Good detail
No film artifacts

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8
Q

High contrast

A

Short scale
Fewer shades of gray with greater difference between steps
Lower kVp
the image you want

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9
Q

Low contrast

A

Long scale
More shades of grey with less difference between steps
Higher kVp
good for thorax

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10
Q

Technical errors (causing poor image detail)

A

Low max: not enough rays
Motion: blurry (long exposure time)
Large patient size (scatter radiation)

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11
Q

Pathology in patient (causes of poor image detail)

A

Excess fluid in body cavity
Lack of normal fat to distinguish between abdominal structures

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12
Q

Overexposure

A

Image too dark
Caused by too high kVp or mAs
(Decease kVp first)

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13
Q

Underexposure

A

Image too light
Caused by too low kVp or too low mAs

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14
Q

Digital radiography

A

Digital ray sensors are used instead of traditional photographic film (replaced by detector device)
Processor, view boxes, data server and grids used

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15
Q

Advantages of DR

A

Time efficiency
Less radiation can be used to produce an image
Immediate image preview availability
Wider dynamic range

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16
Q

How does DR work?

A

Incident ray energy converted into light by a scintillator —> emoted light bundled by an optical lens to fit size of charge-coupled device detector —> converts light into electrical charges

17
Q

Detector pads in DR

A

Charged-couple devices (CCDs)
Flat panel detectors (portable DR system)

18
Q

Computed radiography

A

Similar to conventional, except in the place of a film to create the image, the imaging plate made of photostimulable phosphor

19
Q

How is the imaging plate used?

A

How in a special cassette and placed under the body part or object to be examined, and the x-ray exposure is made
The IP is processed using a CR reader to generate a digital image and displayed on a computer monitor

20
Q

How is CR used?

A

IP absorbs the energy from the rays, trapped in high energy electrons to create a stored image —> the image in the IP scanned in a CR reader using a laser beam and the traps electrons emit light photons —> light photons converted to additional signal by the photo multiplier tube —> then transferred to a computer for processing and display on a computer monitor

21
Q

Digital imaging: commonalities

A

No radiographic film used
Signal from imaging plate for CR and sensor pad for DR sent to a computer for storage and display
Storage of data: picture, archiving, and communication system (PACS)