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anatomy > upper limbs > Flashcards

upper limbs Flashcards

1
Q

2 divsions of the body

A

head neck

appendages (upper lower trunk

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2
Q

axial skeleton

A

bones of head and trunk

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3
Q

appendicular trunk

A

bones that support the appendages.

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4
Q

four regions of the upper limb

A

pectoral girdle
arm
foreman
hand

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5
Q

what bone connects the upper limbs to the trunk

A

clavicle

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6
Q

what is the medial end of the clavicle attached to

A

thoracic wall of the trunk at the manubrium

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7
Q

shape of the clavicle

A

s

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8
Q

what is the lateral end of the clavicle attached to

A

Lateral end articulates with the scapular acromion

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9
Q

function of the clavicle

A

The clavicle is a movable strut supporting the scapula and the rest of the upper limb which are suspended from it. Also a site of muscle attachment.

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10
Q

describe the shape of the scapula

A

shoulder blade , A triangular plate of bone with various bony features including processes, ridges, fossae and other structures.

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11
Q

function of Acromion

A

articulates the clavicle

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12
Q

function of the Glenoid fossa (G)

A

socket for the the ball and socket shoulder joint

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13
Q

function of the Scapular spine (Sp)

A 
divides the scapula into the Supraspinous fossa (S) 
Infraspinous fossa (I)
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14
Q

what aspect of the scapula is closest to the chest wall

A

Subscapular fossa (Sub.)

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15
Q

what strcutures of the scapila are seen from anterior

A

Acromion (A)

Coracoid process (C)

Glenoid fossa (G)

Subscapular fossa (Sub.)

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16
Q

from posterior

A

Acromion (A)

Glenoid fossa (G)

Scapular spine (Sp)

Supraspinous fossa (S)

Infraspinous fossa (I)

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17
Q

what is the second of the scapulas bony articulations

A

glenohumeral joint

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18
Q

aka

A

shoulder joint

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19
Q

The glenoid fossa of the scapula articulates with the

A

humoral head (HH) (the proximal end of the humerus bone)

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20
Q

what is the The Humerus

A

The bone of the arm

The humerus is a long bone.

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21
Q

what structures does it articulate with proximally

A

with the glenoid fossa of the scapula to form the shoulder joint

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22
Q

distally

A

the radius and ulna to form the elbow joint

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23
Q

func of bony features

A

are sites of attachment for muscles and ligaments

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24
Q

the grooves

A

accommodate rope-like tendons or nerves

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25
Q

the articulation if the radius and ulna proximal

A

specialised at proximal end for articulation with the condyles of the humerus

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26
Q

distal

A

for articulation with the proximal carpal bones of the wrist

27
Q

how are the radius and ulna connected

A

, the interosseus membrane.

28
Q

function

A

stability and site for muscle attatchment

29
Q

func of Radial tuberosity

A

importnat attatchment site for tendon of bicep muscle

30
Q

how many carpal bones

A

8

31
Q

arrangement

A

2 rows of 4

proximal and distal rows

32
Q

what does the proximal articulate with

A

The distal ends of the radius and ulna

33
Q

distal end artiuclation

A

metacarpal bones

34
Q

structure of metacarpal bones

A

small long bones (5 boones)

35
Q

what does the distal end of the matcarpal bones articulate ith

A

phalanges of the digits

36
Q

how many phalanges do the digits have

A

3

37
Q

thumb

A

2

38
Q

what are the 3 phlanges

A

distal
middle
proximal §

39
Q

what 3 methods are bones classed as

A

their structural properties

their level of mobility

40
Q

Structural Classification

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial joints

41
Q

Fibrous

A

bones connected by fibrous connective tissue, e.g. sutures of skull.

42
Q

Cartilaginous

A

:- bones connected with cartilage, e.g. pubic symphysis.

epiphysial plate, intervertrebal disk

43
Q

2 types of carrtilaginous

A

pri

sec

44
Q

what are prinary

A

synchondrosis, connected by hyaline cartilage

45
Q

sec

A

symphysis, connected by fibrocartilage – mainly in the midline of the body

46
Q

Synovial joints

A

:- the articulation is surrounded by an enclosing synovial capsule; bones not directly connected at the joint surfaces but strengthened by surrounding structures. Many examples such as interphalangeal joints. Articular surfaces generally covered in hyaline cartilage

47
Q

types of synovial joints

A

Uniaxial
Biaxial
Multiaxial

48
Q

Multiaxial

A

movement on several axes e.g. ball and socket joint

49
Q

biaxial

A

: movement in two different planes e.g. saddle joint

50
Q

uni

A

Uniaxial: movement in one direction only e.g. hinge joint.

51
Q

Joint Mobility Classification

A

Synarthosis
Amphiarthosis
Diarthosis

52
Q

Diarthosis

A

:- freely mobile (many joints, mostly synovial)

53
Q

Amphiarthosis

A

:- limited mobility (often fibrocartilaginous such as pubic symphysis)

54
Q

Synarthosis

A

little or no mobility (mostly fibrous joints like skull sutures)

55
Q

The more mobile a joint, the less stable it usually is.

A

The more mobile a joint, the less stable it usually is.

56
Q

Ligaments

A

collagenous connective tissue linking bones

57
Q

Tendons

A

collagenous connective tissue between bones and muscles.

58
Q

Retinaculum

A

is thickened band of deep fascia found close to a joint.

59
Q

function

A

This band holds tendons down during muscle contraction to prevent bow-stringing, which might compromise function.

60
Q

Aponeurosis

A

is a flat, sheet-like structure formed from a tendon or ligament

61
Q

function

A

Aponeuroses can provide a broad attachment for a muscle which will distribute mechanical load over a larger area than a more typical tendon would
or protection

62
Q

Bursa

A

bursa is a closed sac of a serous membrane, whose interior is similar to that of synovial joints.

63
Q

function

A

, where they act as a “bearing” that allows free movement.

anatomy (12 decks)

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