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anatomy > hns 3 > Flashcards

hns 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what nerve is tested when examing the oral cavity

A

cn 10- vagus

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2
Q

what is the soft tissue thats dangling down

A

uvula

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3
Q

how should the uvula hang

A

directly down midline

cranial nerve 10- working properly

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4
Q

if it deviates to one side

A

problem with one of the vagus nerve

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5
Q

which way will it deviate based on the lesion

A

opposite side

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6
Q

what is the back of the mouth behind teh uvula

A

posterior wall of the oropharynx

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7
Q

what are the folds called

A

Palatoglossal

fold

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8
Q

what is the fold behind (cant see if tonsil are enlarged)

A

Palatopharangeal

fold

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9
Q

what is teh structure behind the tongue that stops food from entering your airway/laryngeal inlet

A

Epiglottis

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10
Q

3 sections of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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11
Q

which sections opens up into the oesophagus

A

Laryngopharynx

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12
Q

what is a delicate (strong sensory inervation) area in which food can get stuck

A

Piriform fossa

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13
Q

how many muscles does the pharynx have

A

3

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14
Q

what are they

A

Superior, middle and inferior constrictors

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15
Q

what cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus

A

9 10

sensory innervation

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16
Q

which cranial nerve carry the movement of the constrictors

A

10 and some contrubution by 11

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17
Q

what do the Superior, middle and inferior constrictors

allow

A

swallowing

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18
Q

how mnany pairs of salivary gland

A

3
parotid gland- cn9
submandibular- cn7
sublingual- cn 7

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19
Q

how does the saliva get from parotid gland to the mouth

A

parotid duct,
upper part of mouth
molar

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20
Q

What innervates the parotid gland

A

9 - glossopharyngeal

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21
Q

what sort of saliva is made by the parotid and teh submandibular

A

mainly serous

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22
Q

and sublingual

A

mainly mucous

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23
Q

what innervates teh muscles of teh tongue

A

hypoglossal 12

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24
Q

extrinisc mucles of the tongue

A

Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Genioglossus

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25
Q

where does the Palatoglossus run from

A

palate to tongue

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26
Q

Styloglossus

A

styloid process to the tongue

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27
Q

Genioglossus

A

mandible to tongue

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28
Q

test function of cn 12

A

ask them to stick tongue out

if it deviates away from the centre then there is a lesion

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29
Q

what is the relationship between teh lesion and the and teh deviation of teh tongue

A

towards the lesion

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30
Q

what cn supplies the fron 2/3 of your tongue for sensory touch

A

trigeminal

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31
Q

posterior 2/3 of the tongue

sensory touch and taste

A

glossopharyngeal

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32
Q

and anterior 2/3 for taste

A

facial nerve

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33
Q

first phase of swallowing

A

Oral preparatory phase

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34
Q

what happens to the food

A

Food / liquid chewed & formed into a bolus

Bolus held on centre of tongue

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35
Q

what structures are required

A

Lip, jaw, tongue & palate sensory & motor function needed [& dentition]

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36
Q

which cranial nerves

A

V, VII, IX, X, XII

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37
Q

is it voluntary or involuntray

A

V, VII, IX, X, XII

38
Q

what is phase 2

A

Oral transit phase

39
Q

what happens

A

Bolus propelled to back of mouth

Palate seals entrance to nasal cavity

40
Q

what structures

A

Lip, jaw, tongue & palate sensory & motor function needed

41
Q

which cranial nerves

A

V, VII, IX, X, XII

42
Q

vol or invol

A

Voluntary control

43
Q

are the airways closed

A

NB: AIRWAY OPEN

44
Q

next ohase is called

A

Pharyngeal phase I

45
Q

what happens

A

triggered when bolus reaches faucial arch
Palate stays elevated
Tongue retracts, to push bolus to pharynx

46
Q

what structures

A

Tongue, palate & laryngeal sensory & motor function needed

47
Q

invol or vol

A

Reflex control

48
Q

which cranial nerves

A

IX, X, XII

49
Q

and airway

A

AIRWAY CLOSED

50
Q

what happens next

A

Pharyngeal phase II

51
Q

what happens

A

Bolus propelled through pharynx

52
Q

which structures

A

Tongue, palate & laryngeal sensory & motor function needed

53
Q

vol or invol

A

Reflex control

54
Q

which cranial nerves

A

IX, X, XII

55
Q

airways

A

AIRWAY CLOSED by epiglottis, vocal cords & arytenoid action

56
Q

what problem is common with Cerebellar haematoma

A

Uncoordinated tongue retraction to propel food

57
Q

problem

A

Delayed airway closure  food enters airway

58
Q

why didnt solution work -problem

A

Delayed & ineffective cough to clear airway  food aspirated to lungs

59
Q

solution

A

Flexed neck during swallow prevents aspiration

60
Q

what happens in a Lower motor neurone lesion/Excised Acoustic Neuroma

A

Ipsilateral paresis of pharynx, larynx, tongue

61
Q

causes

A

Weak bolus propulsion  pharyngeal & oral residue

62
Q

why solution wont work- problem

A

Failed airway closure  aspiration

63
Q

solution

A

head rotation to direct bolus down strong side of pharynx & airway closure

64
Q

Parkinsons Disease causes

A

Difficulty initiating swallow

65
Q

symptoms

A

Typical repetitive tongue movements

Linked with muscle rigidity, unable to lower the back of the tongue

66
Q

resalution

A

Active range of motion exercises of lips and tongue

67
Q

what is The larynx made up

A 
Hollow structure
Composed of:
Cartilages
Membrane
Muscles
68
Q

function

A

Acts as a:
Valve
Sound producer

69
Q

what bone is above the larynx

and structure below

A

hyoid bone

trachea

70
Q

where us the Cricoid

cartliage found

A

top of the trachea

ring at front and plate at the back

71
Q

what is the function of Cricoarytenoid

A

important in movements of the vocal folds

72
Q

what is the biggest cartilage in the larynx

A

thyroid/adams aple

73
Q

what are the folds in the l

A

vocal folds
just above
vestibule fold

74
Q

what is the structue below this

A

infraglottic space

75
Q

what is the opening known as

A

the glottis

76
Q

what muscles move the voxal cords

A

arytenoid muscles

77
Q

where does the posterior crico aryteniod muscle start and end

A

from crico cartliage and arytenoid cartilage

78
Q

what will contraction cause

A

open or abduct of vocal fold

79
Q

what closes vocal folds

A

lateral crico arytenoid

80
Q

how

A

contraction/abduct

81
Q

which muscle tenses the vocal cords/change pitch

A

crico thyroid muscle

82
Q

which cn causes gagging reflex

A

9 glossopharyngeal

83
Q

describe the divisionsof the vagus nerve

A

superior laryngeal nerve to internal and external laryngeal nerve

and recurrent larngeal nerve

84
Q

if there is a lesion before the branches arise

A

complete paralysis of the layrnx

85
Q

if lesion is to the internal LN

A

loss of sensation above vocal fold

86
Q

if external LN

A

paralysis of cricothyroid

87
Q

if to recurrent LN

A

paralysis of all muscles of larynx except cricothyroid and loss of sensation below vocal folds

88
Q

is there a sepearation between thyroid and thyroid cartilage

A

yep

89
Q

what vein in on the sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

external jugular vein

90
Q

where do the opthalmic nerves drain

A

to cavernous sinus

potential route of entry of infection to cranial cavity

91
Q

can you insert a central venous line via the subclavian vien

A

yes

92
Q

where is the most common place to put a central line

A

internal jugular vein

anatomy (12 decks)

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