MUSCLES of THE UPPER LIMBS Flashcards
Flexion
decreasing the angle between two bones (bending).
Extension
increasing the angle between two bones (straightening a bend).
Abduction
moving away from the body’s midline.
Adduction
moving toward the body’s midline.
Pronation
rotating the forearm so the palm is facing backward or down.
Supination
rotating the forearm so the palm is facing forward or up.
Elevation
moving a body part up.
Depression
moving a body part down.
Protraction
moving a bone forward without changing the angle.
Retraction
moving a bone backward without changing the angle.
Inversion
turning the sole of the foot inward.
Eversion
turning the sole of the foot outward.
if a muscle spans a joint
it can act as a mover of that joint.
The Muscular Anatomy of the Upper Limb: the Compartments
Pectoral girdle muscles Intrinsic shoulder muscles Anterior arm muscles - flexors Posterior arm muscles - extensors Anterior forearm muscles - flexors Posterior forearm muscles - extensors Intrinsic hand muscles
The shoulder region is served by two muscle groups:
The pectoral girdle muscles (anterior and posterior axio-appendicular muscles)
The intrinsic shoulder muscles (scapulohumeral muscles)
pectroal girdle muscles
muscle of chest and back
Muscles acting on the scapula and shoulder joint have attachments in the neck, anterior chest, back and arm.
scapulohumeral muscles
acting between the scapula and the humerus to move the arm of the shoulder joint
where do teh Pectoral/Shoulder Girdle
act
directly act on the scapul a
muscles that act directly on the arm
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles
Deltoid Teres Major The Rotator Cuff Muscles supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis (on the deep surface of the scapula so not visible)
where do they act
Act to move the humerus at the shoulder joint
extra function
Very important in stabilising the shoulder joint by holding the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa
deltoid muscle attacthment
lateral posterior attachment to the scapula
anterior attachmnet to the clavice
what do the deltoid and the teres major muscles move
the arm
Anterior Muscles of the Arm
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
where does the coracobranchialis act
across the shoulder joint
Brachialis
acts
elbow joint
Biceps brachii
acts across both joints
what do these muscle compartments allow s
flex of shoulder joint and elbow
which muscles contribute to the shoulder joint stabilitu
Biceps brachii
where does the bicep tendon attach at the distal end
radial tuberosity
what are the 2 muscles in the posterior arm
Triceps, Anconeus;
what nerve
radial nerve
where are the heads of teh tricep brachii attached
2 heads attached to the posterior shaft of the humerus
and the 3rd
long head attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Anconeus func
stabilises
where are flexor muscles and the func
Flexes at a joint
Anterior in the forearm
and the extensors
Extends at a joint
Posterior in the forearm
Carpi meaning
Acts across the wrist
Ulnaris m
Acts on the ulnar (medial) aspect of the wrist
Radialis
Acts on the radial (lateral) aspect of the wrist
Digitorum
Acts on a group of digits (all but the thumb)
Pollicis
Pollicis
Digiti minimi
Acts only on the little finger
Indicis
Acts only on the index finger
Longus/Brevis
Descriptors for long or short (brevis)
Superficialis/Profundus
Descriptors of superficial and deep
is there are longus there are
brevis
if superficialis
there is profundus
exceptiosn to these rules
pronation and supination
what is the Thenar eminence-
prominence between the base of the thumb and the wrist containing small muscles acting on the thumb.
Hypothenar eminence-
prominence between the base of the little finger and the wrist containing small muscles acting on the little finger.
numbers of fingers
1 is thumb and 5 is pinkie
