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anatomy > upper limbs 2 > Flashcards

upper limbs 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a nerve plexus

A

A nerve plexus is formed when peripheral spinal nerve roots merge and split to produce a network of nerves from which new multi-segmental peripheral nerves emerge.

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2
Q

what are teh upper limbs innervated by

A

brachial plexus

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3
Q

what are the lower limbs innervated by

A

lumbo-sacral plexus

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4
Q

where do the roots enter the inferior neck

A

through teh spinal cord to form trunks, then enter the clavicle and form 6 divisions
, those merge to form 3 cords

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5
Q

what is teh superior trunk formed by

A

c5 c6

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6
Q

what forms middle trunk

A

c7

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7
Q

and inferior trunk

A

c8 and t1

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8
Q

how are anterior and posterior divisions formed

A

each s m i divide to give anterior and posterior

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9
Q

what forms the lateral cord

A

anterior of s m

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10
Q

what forms the medial

A

anterior inferior

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11
Q

and posterior

A

all 3 posterior forms post cord

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12
Q

nerves from lateral cord innervate…

A

lateral structures

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13
Q

what are Supraclavicular branches

A

from the roots and the trunks
e.g. dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic nerve
branch from posterior part of plexus
superoiir to the clavicle

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14
Q

Infraclavicular branches

A

: side branches to pectoral girdle muscles and the main peripheral nerves.
e.g. branches to some scapular muscles, and the large terminal branches e.g. radial, ulnar, median
branch from distal part of plexus
inferior to clavicle

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15
Q

what 2 branches arise form the brachial plexus

A

Supraclavicular branches

clavicular branches

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16
Q

what cord does the Musculocutaneous Nerve

branch off from

A

lateral cord

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17
Q

what is the order of roots to bigger stuff

A 
roots(C5 C6ect) 
trunks (superior mid inf)
divisions (ant post) 
cords(lateral posterior medial) 
terminal branches (Musculocutaneous Nerve ect)
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18
Q

what does the Musculocutaneous Nerve

innervate

A

Muscular innervation to the anterior muscles of the arm

Cutaneous innervation of the lateral forearm

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19
Q

describe the route from the lateral cord

A

Pierces coracobrachialis to reach biceps and brachialis muscles.

Continues to cross the elbow joint to innervate the lateral arm

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20
Q

ulnar nerve braches of which cord

A

A terminal branch of the medial cord

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21
Q

does it innervate the arm

A

nope

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22
Q

where can it get easily damaged

A

Passes behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus – easily damaged here (“funny bone”)

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23
Q

what does it innervate

A

Cutaneous innervation of the medial hand

Branches to intrinsic hand muscles

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24
Q

how does it pass through the wrist

A

distally towards the wrist

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25
Q

what part of teh hand does it innervate

A

the medial aspect

the little finger and half the ring finger

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26
Q

does it innervate the foremarm

A

limited innervation - only 2 muscles

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27
Q

Median Nerve braches of which cord

A

cords- From lateral and medial cords

28
Q

what does it innervate

A

Innervates most of the anterior forearm muscles

Innervates some intrinsic hand muscles

Cutaneous innervation of the lateral hand

29
Q

what does it innervate in teh arm

A

no innervation in the arm

30
Q

Cutaneous innervation to

A

of the lateral hand and 3½ digits

thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger

31
Q

where is it commonly damaged

A

Commonly damaged at the wrist, and also in the distal arm

32
Q

what are the nerves of the posterior cord

A

Radial and Axillary Nerves

33
Q

which is larger

A

radial

34
Q

what does the axillary nerve innervate

A

innervates deltoid muscle and upper lateral aspect of the arm

35
Q

what does teh radial muscle supply

A

Innervates all arm and forearm posterior muscles, no intrinsic hand muscles

Cutaneous branches in arm and forearm

Cutaneous innervation of the lateral hand and 3½ digits

36
Q

what is the differnce between teh superficial and deep branches to the

A

superficial is a sensory branch supplying teh back of teh hand
deep supplies motor to the posterior forearm musckes

37
Q

where does teh radial nerve divide

A

at the elbow region

38
Q

Superficial branch innervate

A

cutaneous to the dorsolateral hand

39
Q

Deep branch

A

motor supply to the posterior muscles of the forearm

40
Q

sensory innervation of the hadns nerves

A

stop median nerve

ulnar nerve

41
Q

what does the ulnar nerve supply

A

medial one and half digit
little finger
half the ring finger

42
Q

what does the median nerve supply

A

lateral 3 and a half digiits

thumb to half the ring finger

43
Q

what part of the hand doees the radial nerve supply

A

the back of the hand

lateral aspect from the thumb to half teh middle only the hand not the digits themselves

44
Q

what is most of the upper limb blood supply

A

(left and right) subclavian artery

45
Q

what strcuture does it pass under

A

clavicle

46
Q

what happens to teh artery then

A

becomes the axillary artery

47
Q

what is the largest brach of the brachial artery

A

profunda brachii artery

48
Q

where does the brachial artery cross the elbow

A

antecubital fossa

49
Q

what braches then arise

A

radial and ulnar artery

50
Q

what branches does the ulnar artery arise

A

common -> anterior, posterior interosseous artery

51
Q

when arteries of the forearm cross the wrist, what do they form

A

arterial arches

52
Q

what do the radial and ulnar arches form

A

2 palmar arches - superficial and deep

53
Q

what does teh posterior interosseous artery form when crossing the wrist

A

dorsal carpal arch

54
Q

what are teh 2 forms of venous return in the limbs

A

Deep (accompanying the arteries)

Superficial (on the limb surface)

55
Q

What are venae comitantes?

A

Venae comitantes (VC)
= accompanying veins
Multiple veins form a network of smaller veins with arteries which they accompany

56
Q

what do these allow

A

Connections between the VC

Allow heat exchange

Artery pulse promotes venous flow

57
Q

what is teh pattern of The Superficial Veins

A

small veins in the digits drain into a superficial venous network on the dorsal of the hand
which, at teh wrist, forms Basilic (medial)

Cephalic (lateral)

58
Q

which is the medial vien

A

basillic

59
Q

whcih is the lateral

A

cephalic

60
Q

what is a vein most people have in the elbow region

A

media cubital vein

61
Q

what is this vein used for

A

venapuncture to take blood

62
Q

what is the journey made by the cephalic vein

A

passes through the lateral aspect of the arm
passes between teh deltoid
and pectoral muscles –> axillary to subclavian

63
Q

and the basillic

A

perices teh fascia to go deep to join the vena cominatantes of the the bracial vien and forms large bascilic vein

64
Q

how do teh lympahtic and vein drainage link

A

In general, the lymphatic vessels run with the veins in most organs and tissues.

65
Q

where are teh lymph nodes in teh upper limb

A

Cubital nodes – drain distal limb

Axillary nodes – drain limb and breast

66
Q

where do teh cubital nodes drain

A

drain distal limb- hand and forearm

67
Q

and axillary

A

drain limb and breast

anatomy (12 decks)

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