thorax 1

Question 1

what constitues the base of the heart

Answer 1

▪ the left atrium,
▪ a small portion of the right atrium, and
▪ the proximal parts of the great veins (superior and inferior venae cavae and the pulmonary veins) ( Fig. 3.64 ).

Question 2

base of the heart is fixed

Answer 2

posteriorly to the pericardial wall, opposite the bodies of vertebrae TV to TVIII (TVI to TIX when standing). The esophagus lies immediately posterior to the base.

Question 3

The heart in the anatomical position rests on the

Answer 3

diaphragmatic surface , which consists of the left ventricle and a small portion of the right ventricle separated by the posterior interventricular groove

Question 4

what is the coronary sulcus

Answer 4

circles the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles ( Fig. 3.68 ). As it circles the heart, it contains the right coronary artery, the small cardiac vein, the coronary sinus, and the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery.

Question 5

Blood returning to the right atrium enters through one of three vessels.

Answer 5

the superior and inferior venae cavae, which together deliver blood to the heart from the body; and
▪ the coronary sinus, which returns blood from the walls of the heart itself.

Question 6

From the right atrium, blood passes into the right ventricle through the

Answer 6

right atrioventricular orifice . This opening faces forward and medially and is closed during ventricular contraction by the tricuspid valve.

Question 7

what is the crista termnialis

Answer 7

a smooth, muscular ridge that begins on the roof of the atrium just in front of the opening of the superior vena cava and extends down the lateral wall to the anterior lip of the inferior vena cava.

§

Question 8

walls are covered by ridges called the atria

Answer 8

musculi pectinati

Question 9

coronary sinus

Answer 9

receives blood from most of the cardiac veins and opens medially to the opening of the inferior vena cava

Question 10

Separating the right atrium from the left atrium is the

Answer 10

interatrial septum

Question 11

where is the heart located

Answer 11

middle mediastinum

Question 12

what is the heart containe dwith

Answer 12

pericardial sac

Question 13

what sorounds the heart and the great vesse;s

Answer 13

fibrous sac

Question 14

what are the 2 internal layers

Answer 14

fibrous and serous

Question 15

how many parts does the fibrous have

Answer 15

none (1 itself)

Question 16

how many does the serous have

Answer 16

Parietal – lines fibrous

Visceral – adheres to heart

Question 17

where does the aorts emerge from

Answer 17

left ventricle both ascending and arch

Question 18

where does blood returning from the systemic circulation return do the heart

Answer 18

superior or inferior vc

Question 19

where does the right ventricle release blood

Answer 19

pulmonary trunk (left or right pulmanory vien)

Question 20

can left atrium be seen in a anterior view

Answer 20

no it is posterior

Question 21

what are the 3 branches of the aortic arch

Answer 21

branchiocephlic trunk
left common corotid artery
left subclavian artery

Question 22

which region gives rise to 2 further arteries

Answer 22

branchiocephlic trunk

Question 23

what branches

Answer 23

right subclavian artery

right common corotid artery

Question 24

what does the branchiocephelific artery supply

Answer 24

at supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck.

Question 25

what does the left common corotid artery supply

Answer 25

The Common Carotid artery is a large elastic artery which provides the main blood supply to the head and neck. The carotid arteries are the primary vessels supplying blood to the brain and face. the right and left common carotid arteries provide the principal blood supply to the head and neck

Question 26

what is the venous return from systemic circulation via

Answer 26

2 branchiocephlic veins

Question 27

what forms the brachiocephalic vein

Answer 27

internal jugular and subclavian vein

Question 28

those 2 viens form the b vien and where does it cross

Answer 28

formed in left
crosses to left to join other b vein
superir vena cava

Question 29

how many cusps does the tricuspid valve

Answer 29

3

Question 30

what are they

Answer 30

anterior septum posterior

Question 31

what are the chordae tendineae

Answer 31

anchor cusps into wall of ventricle

Question 32

what do chordae tendineae attatch to

and ^ FUNCTION

Answer 32

pappilary muscles

they pull chordae tendineae tight to shut valve

Question 33

how many coronay arteries

Answer 33

2

right left

Question 34

what are the main branches of the left coroany artery

Answer 34

circumflex

anterior/posterior intraventricular valve

Question 35

where does the right coronary artery emerge from

Answer 35

right aortic sinus

Question 36

what is the branch of the right ca that travels along the apex of the heart

Answer 36

marginal branch

Question 37

what is the main drainage vessel for the coronay vein

Answer 37

coronay sinus

Question 38

what are the veins that constitue the coronary sinus

Answer 38

small middle posterior great

Question 39

papillary muscles in the right ventricle

Answer 39

The anterior papillary muscle is the largest and most constant papillary muscle, and arises from the anterior wall of the ventricle.
▪ The posterior papillary muscle may consist of one, two, or three structures, with some chordae tendineae arising directly from the ventricular wall.
▪ The septal papillary muscle is the most inconsistent papillary muscle, being either small or absent, with chordae tendineae emerging directly from the septal wall.

Question 40

right vs keft ventricle trabeculae carneae

Answer 40

The trabeculae carneae in the left ventricle are fine and delicate in contrast to those in the right ventricle. The general appearance of the trabeculae with muscular ridges and bridges is similar to that of the right ventricle