thorax 1 Flashcards
what constitues the base of the heart
▪ the left atrium,
▪ a small portion of the right atrium, and
▪ the proximal parts of the great veins (superior and inferior venae cavae and the pulmonary veins) ( Fig. 3.64 ).
base of the heart is fixed
posteriorly to the pericardial wall, opposite the bodies of vertebrae TV to TVIII (TVI to TIX when standing). The esophagus lies immediately posterior to the base.
The heart in the anatomical position rests on the
diaphragmatic surface , which consists of the left ventricle and a small portion of the right ventricle separated by the posterior interventricular groove
what is the coronary sulcus
circles the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles ( Fig. 3.68 ). As it circles the heart, it contains the right coronary artery, the small cardiac vein, the coronary sinus, and the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery.
Blood returning to the right atrium enters through one of three vessels.
the superior and inferior venae cavae, which together deliver blood to the heart from the body; and
▪ the coronary sinus, which returns blood from the walls of the heart itself.
From the right atrium, blood passes into the right ventricle through the
right atrioventricular orifice . This opening faces forward and medially and is closed during ventricular contraction by the tricuspid valve.
what is the crista termnialis
a smooth, muscular ridge that begins on the roof of the atrium just in front of the opening of the superior vena cava and extends down the lateral wall to the anterior lip of the inferior vena cava.
§
walls are covered by ridges called the atria
musculi pectinati
coronary sinus
receives blood from most of the cardiac veins and opens medially to the opening of the inferior vena cava
Separating the right atrium from the left atrium is the
interatrial septum
where is the heart located
middle mediastinum
what is the heart containe dwith
pericardial sac
what sorounds the heart and the great vesse;s
fibrous sac
what are the 2 internal layers
fibrous and serous
how many parts does the fibrous have
none (1 itself)
how many does the serous have
Parietal – lines fibrous
Visceral – adheres to heart
where does the aorts emerge from
left ventricle both ascending and arch
where does blood returning from the systemic circulation return do the heart
superior or inferior vc
where does the right ventricle release blood
pulmonary trunk (left or right pulmanory vien)
can left atrium be seen in a anterior view
no it is posterior
what are the 3 branches of the aortic arch
branchiocephlic trunk
left common corotid artery
left subclavian artery
which region gives rise to 2 further arteries
branchiocephlic trunk
what branches
right subclavian artery
right common corotid artery
what does the branchiocephelific artery supply
at supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck.
what does the left common corotid artery supply
The Common Carotid artery is a large elastic artery which provides the main blood supply to the head and neck. The carotid arteries are the primary vessels supplying blood to the brain and face. the right and left common carotid arteries provide the principal blood supply to the head and neck
what is the venous return from systemic circulation via
2 branchiocephlic veins
what forms the brachiocephalic vein
internal jugular and subclavian vein
those 2 viens form the b vien and where does it cross
formed in left
crosses to left to join other b vein
superir vena cava
how many cusps does the tricuspid valve
3
what are they
anterior septum posterior
what are the chordae tendineae
anchor cusps into wall of ventricle
what do chordae tendineae attatch to
and ^ FUNCTION
pappilary muscles
they pull chordae tendineae tight to shut valve
how many coronay arteries
2
right left
what are the main branches of the left coroany artery
circumflex
anterior/posterior intraventricular valve
where does the right coronary artery emerge from
right aortic sinus
what is the branch of the right ca that travels along the apex of the heart
marginal branch
what is the main drainage vessel for the coronay vein
coronay sinus
what are the veins that constitue the coronary sinus
small middle posterior great
papillary muscles in the right ventricle
The anterior papillary muscle is the largest and most constant papillary muscle, and arises from the anterior wall of the ventricle.
▪ The posterior papillary muscle may consist of one, two, or three structures, with some chordae tendineae arising directly from the ventricular wall.
▪ The septal papillary muscle is the most inconsistent papillary muscle, being either small or absent, with chordae tendineae emerging directly from the septal wall.
right vs keft ventricle trabeculae carneae
The trabeculae carneae in the left ventricle are fine and delicate in contrast to those in the right ventricle. The general appearance of the trabeculae with muscular ridges and bridges is similar to that of the right ventricle
