Upper Limb Muscles Flashcards
palmaris brevis
origin: palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
insertion: dermis of skin on the medial margin of the hand
innervation: superficial branch of the ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
function: improves grip
trapezius
origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, medial margin of the ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of CVII to TXII and the related supraspinous ligaments
insertion: superior edge spine of the scapula, acromion, posterior border of lateral one-third of clavicle
innervation: accessory nerve (CN 11)
function: descending: powerful elevator of the scapula; rotates the scapula upward during abduction of humerus above horizontal; transverse fibers retract scapula; ascending fibers depress scapula
deltoid
origin: spine of the scapula, acromion, anterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
innervation: axillary nerve (CN5, CN6)
function: acromial fibers-major abductor of arm; clavicular fibers assist in flexing the arm; scapular fibers assist in extending the arm
levator scapulae
origin: transverse processes of C1 and C2 vertbebrawe and posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3 and C4 vertebrae
insertion: medial border of scapula
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (CN 5)
function: elevates the scapula
rhomboid minor
origin: lower end of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae
insertion: posterior surface of medial border of scapula at the root of the spine of the scapula
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
function: elevates and retracts the scapula
rhomboids major
origin: spinous processes of T2 -T5 vertebrae
insertion: posterior surface of medial border of scapula from the root of the spine of the scapula to the inferior angle
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
function: elevates and retracts the scapula
supraspinatus:
origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula
insertion: most superior facet on the greater tubercle of the humerus
innervation: suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
function: rotator cuff muscle, participates in abduction of the GH joint; stabilization of GH joint
Infraspinatus
origin: infraspinatus fossa of the scapula
insertion: middle facet on posterior surface of greater tubercle of humerus
innervation: suprascapular nerve (C 5, C 6)
function: rotator cuff muscle, lateral rotation of arm at GH joint; stabilization of GH joint
subscapularis
origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
innervation: upper (C5, C6) and lower (C5, C6, C7) subscapular nerves
function: rotator cuff muscle; medial rotation of the arm at the GH joint, stabilization of GH joint
teres minor
origin: lateral border of scapula
insertion: inferior facet on posterior surface of greater tubercle of humerus
innervation: axillary nerve (C5, C6)
function: rotator cuff muscle, lateral rotation of the arm at the GH joint; stabilization of GH joint
teres major
origin: inferior angle of scapula
insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus
innervation: lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)
function: medial rotation and extension of the arm at the GH joint
coracobrachialis
origin: Apex of coracoid process
insertion: linear roughening on mid-shaft of humerus on medial side
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
function: flexor of the arm at the GH joint
biceps brachii
origin: long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula; short head: coracoid process
insertion: radial tuberosity
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
function: powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint and supinator of the forearm; accessory flexor of the arm at the GH joint
brachialis
origin: anterior aspect of humerus
insertion: tuberosity of ulna
innervation musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
function: powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint
triceps brachii
origin: long head-infraglenois tubercle of scapula; medial head-posterior surface of humerus; lateral head: posterior surface of humerus
insertion: olecranon
innervation: radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
function: extension of the forearm at the albow joint; long head extends and adducts the arm at the shoulder joint
flexor digitorum profundus
origin: ulna and interosseous membrane
insertion: palmar side of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
innervation: lateral half- anterior interosseous nerve (C8); medial half-ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
function: flexes distal interphalangeal joints
flexor pollicis longus
origin: radius and interosseous membrane
insertion: palmar side of distal phalynx of thumb
innervation: anterior interosseous nerve (C8)
function: flexes interphalangeal joints of the thumb
pronator quadratus
origin: distal anterior surface of ulna
insertion: distal anterior surface of radius
innervation: anterior interosseous nerve (C8)
function: pronation
flexor digitorum superficialis
origin: humero-ulna head-medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process; radial head-oblique line of radius
insertion: palmar surfaces of the middle phalanges of medial 4 digits
innervation: median nerve (C8, T1)
function: flexes proximal interphalangeal joints
flexor carpi ulnaris
origin: humeral head-medial epicondyle of humerus ; ulnar head-olecranon
insertion: pisiform bone
innervation: ulnar nerve (C7, C8, T1)
function: flexes and adducts the wrist joint
palmaris longus
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: palmar aponeurosis of hand
innervation: median nerve (C7, C8)
function: flexes wrist joint
flexor carpi radialis
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: base of metacarpals 2-3
innervation: median nerve (C6, C7)
function: flexes and abducts the wrist
pronator teres
origin: humeral head-medial epicondyle and adjacent supraepicondylar ridge; ulnar head-coronoid process
insertion: midshaft of radius
innervation: median nerve (C6, C7)
function: pronation
supinator
origin: superficial layer-lateral epicondyle of humerus; deep layer-supinator crest of the ulna
insertion: radius superior to the anterior oblique line
innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (C6, C7)
function: supination
abductor pollicis longus
origin: ulna, radius, interosseous membrane
insertion: lateral side of base of metacarpals 1
innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
function: abducts carpometacarpal joint of thumb
extensor pollicis brevis
origin: radius, interosseous membrane
insertion: dorsal surface of base of proximal phalynx of the thumb
innervation: posterior interousseous nerve (C7, C8)
function: extends metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb
extensor pollicis longus
origin: ulna, interosseous membrane
insertion: dorsal surface of base of distal phalynx of thumb
innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
function: extends interphalangeal joint of the thumb
extensor indicis
origin: ulna, interosseous membrane
insertion: extensor hood of divit 2
innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
function: extends digit 2
brachioradialis
origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
insertion: lateral surface of distal end of radius
innervation: radial nerve (C5, C6)
function: flex elbow
extensor carpi radialis longus
origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
insertion: base of metacarpal 2
innervation: radial nerve (C6, C7)
function: extends and abducts the wrist
extensor carpi radialis brevis
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: base of matacarpals 2 and 3
innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
function: extends and abducts the wrist
extensor digitorum
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: extensor hoods of digits 2-5
innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
function: extends digits 2-5
extensor digiti minimi
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: extensor hood of the little finger (digit 5)
innervation: posterior interosseous nerver (C7, C8)
function: extends the little finger
extensor carpi ulnaris
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: metacarpal 5
innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
function: extends and adducts the wrist
anconeus
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: olecranon and proximal posterior surface of ulna
innervation: radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
function: stabilizes the ulna in pronation; extends elbow
opponents digiti minimi
origin: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
insertion: medial aspect of metacarpal 5
innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
function: laterally rotates metacarpal 5 (opposition)
abductor digiti minimi
origin: pisiform, the pisohamate ligament, and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
insertion: proximal phalynx of little finger
innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
function: abducts little finger at MCP joint
flexor digiti minimi brevis
origin: hook of the hamate and flexor retinaculum
insertion: proximal phalynx of little finger
innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
function: flexes little finger at MCP joint
lumbricals (4 muscles)
origin: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
insertion: extensor hoods of index, ring, middle, and little fingers
innervation: medial 2 by deep branch of the ulnar nerve; lateral 2 by digital branches of the median nerve
function: flex MCP joints while extending interphalangeal joints
dorsal interossei (4 muscles)
origin: adjacent sides of metacarpals
insertion: extensor hood and base of proximal phalanges of digits 2-4
innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
function: abduction of index, middle, and ring fingers at the MCP joints
palmar interossei (3 or 4 muscles)
origin: sides of metacarpals
insertion: extensor hoods (except middle finger)
innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
function: adduction of the thumb, index, ring, and little fingers at the MCP joints
opponents pollicis
origin: tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum
insertion: lateral margin and adjacent palmar surface of metacarpal 1
innervation: recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
function: medially rotates thumb
abductor pollicis brevis
origin: tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium and adjacent flexor retinaculum
insertion: proximal phalynx and extensor hood of thumb
innervation: recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
function: abducts thumb at MCP joint
flexor pollicis brevis
origin: tubercle of the trapezium and flexor retinaculum
insertion: proximal phalanx of the thumb
innervation: recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
function: flexes thumb at MCP joint
adductor pollicis
origin: transverse head-metacarpal 3; oblique head-capitate and bases of metacarpals 2-3
insertion: base of proximal phalanx and extensor hood of thumb
innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
function: adducts thumb
