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DPT 500-Anatomy and Histology > Exam 2 Muscles > Flashcards

Exam 2 Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

pectoralis major

A

origin: medial half of clavicle and anterior surface of sternum, first seven costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique

insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

function: adduction, medial rotation, and flexion of the humerus at the shoulder joint

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2
Q

subclavius

A

origin: rib I at junction between rib and costal cartilage

insertion: groove on inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

innervation: nerve to subclavius

function: pulls clavicle medially to stabilize sternoclavicular joint; depresses tip of shoulder

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3
Q

pectoralis minor

A

origin: anterior surfaces of the third, fourth, and fifth ribs, and deep fascia overlying the related intercostal spaces

insertion: coracoid process of scapula

innervation: medial pectoral nerves

function: depresses tip of shoulder; protracts scapula

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4
Q

external intercostal

A

superior attachment: inferior margin of rib above

inferior attachment: superior margin of rib below

innervation: intercostal nerves; T1–T11

function: most active during inspiration; supports intercostal space; moves ribs superiorly

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5
Q

internal intercostals

A

superior attachment: lateral edge of costal groove of rib above

inferior attachment: superior margin of rib below deep to the attachment of the related external intercostal

innervation: intercostal nerves; T1–T11

function: most active during expiration; supports intercostal space; moves ribs inferiorly

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6
Q

innermost intercostal

A

superior attachment: medial edge of costal groove of rib above

inferior attachment: internal aspect of superior margin of rib below

innervation: intercostal nerves; T1–T11

function: acts with internal intercostal muscles

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7
Q

subcostales

A

superior attachment: internal surface (near angle) of lower ribs

inferior attachment: internal surface of second or third rib below

innervation: related intercostal nerves

function: may depress ribs

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8
Q

transversus thoracis

A

superior attachment: inferior margins and internal surfaces of costal cartilages of second to sixth ribs

inferior attachment: inferior aspect of deep surface of body of sternum, xiphoid process, and costal cartilages of ribs 4–7

innervation: related intercostal nerves

function: depresses costal cartilages

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9
Q

psoas major

A

origin: lateral surface of bodies of T12 and L1 to L5 vertebrae, transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, and the intervertebral discs between T12 and L1 to L5 vertebrae

insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur

innervation: anterior rami of L1 to L3

function: flexion of thigh at hip joint

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10
Q

psoas minor

A

origin: lateral surface of bodies of T12 and L1 vertebrae and intervening intervertebral disc

insertion: pectineal line of the pelvic brim and iliopubic eminence

innervation: anterior rami of L1

function: weak flexion of lumbar vertebral column

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11
Q

quadratus lumborum

A

origin: transverse process of L5 vertebra, iliolumbar ligament, and iliac crest

insertion: transverse processes of L1 to L4 vertebrae and inferior border of rib 12

innervation: anterior rami of T12 and L1 to L4

function: depress and stabilize rib 12 and some lateral bending of trunk

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12
Q

illiacus

A

origin: upper two-thirds of iliac fossa, anterior sacro-iliac and iliolumbar ligaments, and upper lateral surface of sacrum

insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

innervation: femoral nerve (L2 to L4)

function: flexion of thigh at hip joint

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13
Q

external oblique

A

origin: muscular slips from the outer surfaces of the lower eight ribs (ribs 5 to 12)

insertion: lateral lip of iliac crest; aponeurosis ending in midline raphe (linea alba)

innervation: anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12)

function: compress abdominal contents; both muscles flex trunk; each muscle bends trunk to same side

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14
Q

internal oblique

A

origin: thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest between attachments of external oblique and transversus abdominis; lateral two-thirds of inguinal ligament

insertion: inferior border of the lower three or four ribs; aponeurosis ending in linea alba; pubic crest and pectineal line

innervation: anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12) and ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves (L1)

function: compress abdominal contents; both muscles flex trunk; each muscle bends trunk to same side

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15
Q

transversus abdominus

A

origin: thoracolumbar fascia; medial lip of iliac crest; lateral one-third of inguinal ligament; costal cartilages lower six ribs (ribs 7 to 12)

insertion: aponeurosis ending in linea alba; pubic crest and pectineal line

innervation: anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12) and ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves (L1)

action: compress abdominal contents

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16
Q

rectus abdominis

A

origin: pubic crest, pubic tubercle, and pubic symphysis

insertion: costal cartilages of ribs 5 to 7; xiphoid process

innervation: anterior rami of lower seven thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12)

function: compress abdominal contents; flex vertebral column; tense abdominal wall

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17
Q

pyramidalis

A

origin: front of pubis and pubic symphysis

insertion: into linea alba

innervation: anterior ramus of T12

function: tenses the linea alba

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18
Q

obturator internus

A

origin: anterolateral wall of true pelvis (deep surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone)

insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

innervation: nerve to obturator internus L5, SI

function: lateral rotation and abduction of hip joint

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19
Q

piriformis

A

origin: anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina

insertion: medial side of superior border of greater trochanter of femur

innervation: nerve to piriformis SI, S2

function: lateral rotation and abduction of hip joint

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20
Q

pubococcygeus

A

origin: pubis

insertion: midline at anococcygeal ligament

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21
Q

puborectalis

A

origin: pubis

insertion: forms sling around rectum

function: maintains the perineal flexure (angle) at anorectal junction; helps close off GI tract

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22
Q

illiococcygeus

A

origin: fascia covering obturator internus, tendinous arch and ischial spine

insertion: pubococcygeus on other side at midline at anococcygeal ligament

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23
Q

coccygeus

A

origin: ischial spine and pelvic surface of the sacrospinous ligament

insertion: lateral margin of coccyx and related border of sacrum

innervation: branches from the anterior rami of S3 and S4

function: contributes to the formation of the pelvic floor, which supports the pelvic viscera; pulls coccyx forward after defecation

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24
Q

levator ani (group)

A

origin: in a line around the pelvic wall beginning on the posterior aspect of the pubic bone and extending across the obturator internus muscle as a tendinous arch (thickening of the obturator internus fascia) to the ischial spine

insertion: the anterior part is attached to the superior surface of the perineal membrane; the posterior part meets its partner on the other side at the perineal body, around the anal canal, and along the anococcygeal ligament

innervation: branches direct from the anterior ramus of S4, and by the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)

function: contributes to the formation of the pelvic floor, which supports the pelvic viscera; maintains an angle between the rectum and anal canal; reinforces the external anal sphincter and, in women, functions as a vaginal sphincter

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25
Q

external urethral sphincter

A

origin: inf ramus of pubis on each side and adjacent walls of deep perineal pouch

insertion: surrounds membranous part of urethra

innervation: perineal branches of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

function: compresses the membranous urethra; relaxes during micturition

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26
Q

deep transverse perineal

A

origin: medial aspect of ischial ramus

insertion: perineal body

innervation: perineal branches of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

function: stabilizes the position of the perineal body

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27
Q

compressor urethrae (in women only)

A

origin: ishiopubo ramus on each side

insertion: blends with partner on other side anterior to the urethra

innervation: perineal branches of the pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

function: functions as an accessory sphincter of the urethra

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28
Q

sphincter urethrovaginalis (only in women)

A

origin: perineal body

insertion: passes forward lateral to the vagina to blend with partner on other side anterior to the urethra

innervation: perineal branches of the pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

function: functions as an accessory sphincter of the urethra (may also facilitate closing the vagina)

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29
Q

ischiocavernosus muscles

A

cover crura of penis and clitoris

anchored to ischial tuberosity

forces blood from crus to body of erect penis and clitoris

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30
Q

bulbospongiosus muscles

A

women:
- anchored to perineal body
- travels over bulb of vestibule

men:
-joined at midline to raphe anchored to perineal membrane
- cover each side of bulb of penis
- attach to perineal membrane
- facilitate emptying of urethra
- contract during ejaculation to expel semen

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31
Q

piriformis

A

origin: anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina

insertion: greater trochanter of femur

innervation: nerve to piriformis branches from S1 and S2

function: laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint

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32
Q

obturator internus

A

origin: deep surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone

insertion: greater trochanter of femur

innervation: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

function: laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint

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33
Q

gamellus superior

A

origin: ischial spine

insertion: greater trochanter

innervation: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

function: laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint

34
Q

gamellus inferior

A

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: greater trochanter

innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

function: laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint

35
Q

quadratus femoris

A

origin: ischium just anterior to the ischial tuberosity

insertion: quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of the proximal femur

innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

function: laterally rotates femur at hip joint

36
Q

gluteus minimus

A

origin: ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines

insertion: anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter

innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

function: abducts femur at hip joint; holds pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking; medially rotates thigh

37
Q

gluteus medius

A

origin: ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

insertion: lateral surface of the greater trochanter

innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

function: abducts femur at hip joint; holds pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking; medially rotates thigh

38
Q

gluteus maximus

A

origin: fascia covering gluteus medius, ilium behind posterior gluteal line, fascia of erector spinae, dorsal surface of lower sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

insertion: posterior aspect of iliotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur

innervation: inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

function: powerful extensor of flexed femur at hip joint; lateral stabilizer of hip joint and knee joint; laterally rotates and abducts thigh

39
Q

tensor fascia latae

A

origin: crest of ilium between anterior superior iliac spine and tubercle of the crest

insertion: iliotibial tract of fascia lata

innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

function: stabilizes the knee in extension

40
Q

psoas major

A

origin: posterior abdominal wall (lumbar transverse processes, intervertebral discs, and adjacent bodies from T12 to L5 and tendinous arches between these points)

insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

innervation: anterior rami (L1, L2, L3)

function: flexes the thigh at the hip joint

41
Q

illiacus

A

origin: posterior abdominal wall (iliac fossa)

insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3)

function: flexes the thigh at the hip joint

42
Q

vastus medialis

A

origin: femur—medial part of intertrochanteric line, pectineal line, medial lip of the linea aspera, medial supracondylar line

insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon and medial border of patella

innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

function: extends the leg at the knee joint

43
Q

vastus intermedius

A

origin: femur—upper two-thirds of anterior and lateral surfaces

insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon, lateral margin of patella, and lateral condyle of tibia

innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

function: extends the leg at the knee joint

44
Q

vastus lateralis

A

origin: femur—lateral part of intertrochanteric line, margin of greater trochanter, lateral margin of gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of the linea aspera

insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon and lateral margin of patella

innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

function: extends the leg at the knee joint

45
Q

rectus femoris

A

origin: straight head originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head originates from the ilium just superior to the acetabulum

insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon

innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

function: flexes the thigh at the hip joint and extends the leg at the knee joint

46
Q

sartorius

A

origin: anterior superior iliac spine

insertion: medial surface of tibia just inferomedial to tibial tuberosity

innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3)

function: flexes the thigh at the hip joint and flexes the leg at the knee joint

47
Q

gracilis

A

origin: body of the pubis, the inferior pubic ramus, and the ramus of the ischium

insertion: medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia

innervation: obturator nerve (L2, L3)

function: adducts thigh at hip joint and flexes leg at knee joint

48
Q

pectineus

A

origin: pectineal line (pecten pubis) and adjacent bone of pelvis

insertion: pectineal line of femur

innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3)

function: adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint

49
Q

adductor longus

A

origin: body of pubis

insertion: linea aspera on middle one-third of shaft of femur

innervation: obturator nerve (anterior division) (L2, L3, L4)

function: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint

50
Q

adductor brevis

A

origin: body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus

insertion: posterior surface of proximal femur and upper one-third of linea aspera

innervation: obturator nerve (L2, L3)

function: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint

51
Q

adductor magnus (adductor part)

A

origin: ischiopubic ramus

insertion: posterior surface of proximal femur, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line

innervation: obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

function: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint

52
Q

adductor magnus (hamstring part)

A

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: adductor tubercle

innervation: sciatic nerve (tibial division) (L2, L3, L4)

53
Q

obturator externus

A

origin: external surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone

insertion: trochanteric fossa

innervation: obturator nerve (posterior division) (L3, L4)

function: laterally rotates thigh at hip joint

54
Q

biceps femoris

A

origin: long head—ischial tuberosity; short head—lateral lip of linea aspera

insertion: head of fibula

innervation: sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

function: flexes leg at knee joint; extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates leg at knee joint

55
Q

semitendinosus

A

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: medial surface of proximal tibia

innervation: sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

function: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint; medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint

56
Q

semimembranosus

A

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: medial tibial condyle

innervation: sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

function: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint; medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint

57
Q

gastrocnemeus

A

origin: medial head—posterior femur superior to medial condyle; lateral head—superior of lateral femoral condyle

insertion: via calcaneal tendon, to posterior surface of calcaneus

innervation: tibial nerve (S1, S2)

function: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee

58
Q

plantaris

A

origin: lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament of knee

insertion: via calcaneal tendon, to posterior surface of calcaneus

innervation: tibial nerve (S1, S2)

function: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee

59
Q

soleus

A

origin: soleal line and medial border of tibia; fibular head and adjacent bone

insertion: via calcaneal tendon, to posterior surface of calcaneus

innervation: tibial nerve (S1, S2)

function: plantarflexes the foot

60
Q

popliteus

A

origin: lateral femoral condyle

insertion: posterior surface of proximal tibia

innervation: tibial nerve (L4 to S1)

function: closed chain = lateral rotation of femur on tibia

open chain = medially rotates tibia

61
Q

flexor hallicus longus

A

origin: posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane

insertion: plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe

innervation: tibial nerve (S2, S3)

function: flexes great toe

62
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

origin: posterior surface of the tibia

insertion: plantar surfaces of distal phalanges of the lateral four toes

innervation: tibial nerve (S2, S3)

function: flexes lateral four toes

63
Q

tibialis posterior

A

origin: posterior surfaces of interosseous membrane and adjacent regions of tibia and fibula

insertion: navicular and medial cuneiform

innervation: tibial nerve (L4, L5)

function: inversion and plantarflexion of foot; support of medial arch of foot during walking

64
Q

fibularis longus

A

origin: upper lateral surface of head and shaft of fibula

insertion: plantar side of medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1

innervation: superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

function: eversion and plantarflexion of foot; supports arches of foot

65
Q

fibularis brevis

A

origin: lower two-thirds of lateral surface of shaft of fibula

insertion: lateral base of metatarsal 5

innervation: superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

function: eversion of foot

66
Q

tibialis anterior

A

origin: lateral tibia and interosseous membrane

insertion: medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and metatarsal 1

innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

function: dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint; inversion of foot; dynamic support of medial arch of foot

67
Q

extensor hallicus longus

A

origin: middle one-half of medial fibula and interosseous membrane

insertion: via dorsal digital expansion (extensor hood) to distal phalanx of great toe

innervation: deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

function: extension of great toe and dorsiflexion of foot

68
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

origin: proximal one-half of fibula and lateral tibial condyle

insertion: via dorsal digital expansions (extensor hoods) into bases of distal and middle phalanges of lateral four toes

innervation: deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

function: extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of foot

69
Q

fibularis turtius

A

origin: distal part of medial fibula

insertion: dorsal surface of metatarsal 5

innervation: deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

function: dorsiflexion and eversion of foot

70
Q

extensor digitorum brevis

A

origin: superolateral surface of the calcaneus

insertion: tendons of extensor digitorum longus of toes 2 to 4

innervation: deep fibular nerve (S1, S2)

function: extension of toes 2 to 4

71
Q

extensor hallicus brevis

A

origin: superolateral surface of calcaneus

insertion: base of proximal phalanx of great toe

innervation: deep fibular nerve (S1, S2)

function: extension of metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe

72
Q

abductor hallicus

A

origin: calcaneal tuberosity

insertion: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

innervation: medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve (S1, S2, S3)

function: abducts and flexes great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

73
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A

origin: calcaneal tuberosity

insertion: plantar surface of middle phalanges of lateral four toes

innervation: medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve (S1, S2, S3)

function: flexes lateral four toes at proximal interphalangeal joint

74
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

origin: calcaneal tuberosity

insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe

innervation: lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve (S1, S2, S3)

function: abducts little toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint

75
Q

quadratus plantae

A

origin: medial surface of calcaneus and lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity

insertion: tendon of flexor digitorum longus

innervation: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S1, S2, S3)

function: assists flexor digitorum longus tendon in flexing toes 2 to 5

76
Q

lumbricals

A

origin: tendons of flexor digitorum longus

insertion: extensor hoods of toes 2-5

innervation: first lumbrical—medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve; second, third, and fourth lumbricals—lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve (S2, S3)

function: resist excessive extension of the metatarsophalangeal joints

77
Q

flexor hallicus brevis

A

origin: cuboid and lateral cuneiform; tibialis posterior tendon

insertion: proximal phalanx of the great toe

innervation: medial plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S1, S2)

function: flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe

78
Q

adductor hallicus

A

origin: transverse head—metatarsophalangeal joints of lateral three toes; oblique head—bases of metatarsals 2 to 4

insertion: proximal phalanx of great toe

innervation: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2, S3)

function: adducts great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

79
Q

flexor digiti minimi

A

origin: base of metatarsal 5

insertion: proximal phalanx of little toe

innervation: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2, S3)

function: flexes little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

80
Q

dorsal interossei

A

origin: sides of adjacent metatarsals

insertion: extensor hoods and bases of proximal phalanges of toes 2 to 4

innervation: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2-S3)

function: abduction of toes 2 to 4 at metatarsophalangeal joints

81
Q

plantar interossei

A

origin: medial sides of metatarsals of toes 3 to 5

insertion: extensor hoods and bases of proximal phalanges of toes 3 to 5

innervation: lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2, S3)

function: adduction of toes 3 to 5 at metatarsophalangeal joints

DPT 500-Anatomy and Histology (12 decks)

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