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DPT 500-Anatomy and Histology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

cervical plexus level

A

C1-C4

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2
Q

brachial plexus level

A

C5-T1

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3
Q

lumbar plexus level

A

L1-L4

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4
Q

sacral plexus level

A

L4-S4

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5
Q

coccygeal level

A

S5-Co

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6
Q

cervical plexus function

A

innervates the head and neck

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7
Q

ansa cervicalis

A

loop from C1-C3

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8
Q

phrenic nerve

A

C3, C4, C5 innervates diaphragm

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9
Q

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

A

innervates tongue muscles; contributes fibers to ansa cervicalis.

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10
Q

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

A

medulla to C6 innervates traps and SCM.

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11
Q

lesser occipital nerve

A

innervates skin and scalp posterosuperior to the auricle.

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12
Q

greater auricular nerve

A

innervates skin near concha auricle (outer ear) and external acoustic meatus (ear canal).

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13
Q

transverse cervical

A

innervates anterior region of neck

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14
Q

suprascapular

A

innervates skin above and below clavicle.

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15
Q

brachial plexus function

A

innervates muscles, joints, and skin of upper limb.

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16
Q

brachial plexuses contains:

A

ventral rami, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal nerves.

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17
Q

ventral rami of brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

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18
Q

trunks

A

superior, middle, and inferior

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19
Q

divisions

A

each trunk has anterior and posterior divisions, and posterior divisions all combine to the posterior cord.

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20
Q

cords

A

lateral, posterior, and medial.

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21
Q

order of the brachial plexus (Hint: roudy teams drink cold tequila)

A

root, trunk, division, cord, terminal nerve

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22
Q

lumbar plexus function

A

motor and sensory innervation to pelvic girdle and lower limbs.

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23
Q

lumbar plexus roots

A

roots split to anterior and posterior divisions.

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24
Q

lumbar plexus anterior division

A

generally supplies pelvis and medial thigh

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25
Q

lumbar plexus posterior division

A

generally supplies anterior thigh

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26
Q

major nerves of the lumbar plexus

A

Illiohypogastric, Illioinguinal, Genitofemoral, Lateral femoral cutaneous, Femoral, Obturator, Cluneal

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27
Q

sacral plexus function

A

innervates foot, leg, gluteal, and pelvic regions.

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28
Q

sacral rami divisions

A

anterior and posterior

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29
Q

anterior sacral division

A

piriformis

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30
Q

posterior sacral division

A

illiac artery and vein

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31
Q

sciatic nerve level

A

L4-S3

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32
Q

sciatic nerve

A

branches into common fibular and tibial nerves at the popliteal fossa, but travel separately together in posterior thigh.

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33
Q

major nerves of the sacral plexus

A

Sciatic nerve, Common fibular nerve, Tibial nerve, Superior gluteal nerve, Inferior gluteal nerve, Nerve to piriformis, Nerve to quadratus femoris, Nerve to obturator internus, Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, Perforating cutaneous nerve, Pudental nerve, Nerve to levator ani

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34
Q

splachnic nerves

A

greater, lesser, least, lumbar, and sacral; pass into abdomen and pelvic regions.

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35
Q

splachnic nerves connect with what?

A

prevetebral (colateral) ganglia

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36
Q

prevertebral (colateral) ganglia

A

celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia, and inferior mesenteric ganglia.

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37
Q

general visceral afferents (GVAs)

A

convey info about distension of organs and chem conditions from blood vessels, heart, lungs, digestive system, and other organ systems and glands into the CNS via spinal and cranial nerves.

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38
Q

visceral sensory GVAs creates what kind of pain?

A

referred pain

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39
Q

referred pain

A

pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus.

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40
Q

sagittal plane

A

right/left

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41
Q

horizontal plane

A

superior/inferior

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42
Q

coronal plane

A

posterior/anterior

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43
Q

gray matter

A

cell bodies and dendrites

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44
Q

white matter

A

axons and myelin

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45
Q

dorsal (back)

A

sensory afferent

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46
Q

ventral (front)

A

motor efferent

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47
Q

axons

A

projections of nerves

48
Q

myelin

A

insulation; high fat

49
Q

names for bundles of axons in the CNS

A

tract, lemniscus, fasciculus, column, peduncle, capsule, pyramid

50
Q

three parts of the brainstem (top to bottom)

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

51
Q

brainstem functions

A

equilibirum, cardiovascular function, respiration, and other functions

52
Q

reticular formation

A

wakefullness and consciousness

53
Q

medulla

A

homeostasis

54
Q

pons

A

respiration

55
Q

pyramids

A

on the medulla; consciously keep yourself awake

56
Q

olive

A

fine motor learning

57
Q

the brainstem houses nuclei of what nerves?

A

cranial nerves’ nuclei

58
Q

olive nucleus

A

worm-like structure

59
Q

cerebral peducle

A

two stalks attaching cerebrum to midbrain; sensory and motor tracts running from cerebrum to pons.

60
Q

superior colliculus

A

controls eye and head movement in response to visual stimuli.

61
Q

inferior coliculus

A

sound location; orienting body toward relevant stimuli; discriminates pitch and rhythm.

62
Q

substantia nigra

A

modulates motor movements and is involved in reward behaviors .

63
Q

red nucleus

A

involved in motor coordination;

64
Q

why is the red nucleus colored red

A

presence of iron

65
Q

what is inferior to the red nucleus?

A

substantia nigra

66
Q

what degenerates in parkinsons?

A

the substantia nigra

67
Q

what is the role of the substantia nigra?

A

movement coordination

68
Q

what is under the substantia nigra

A

peduncle

69
Q

what connects the posterior brainstem to the cerebellum?

A

superior, middle, and inferior peduncles

70
Q

what connects the midbrain to the cerebellum?

A

superior peduncle

71
Q

what connects the pons to the cerebellum?

A

middle peduncle

72
Q

what connects the medulla to the cerebellum?

A

inferior peduncle

73
Q

cerebellar peduncles

A

large bundles of fiber that connect cerebellum to brainstem

74
Q

vermis

A

mediun portion of the cerebellum that connects the 2 hemispheres.

75
Q

anterior lobe of the cerebellum

A

superior and separated from posterior lobe by primary fissure

76
Q

posterior lobe of the cerebellum

A

inferior of and larger than anterior lobe; inferior part is the cerebellar tonsil

77
Q

floculonodular lobe of the cerebellum

A

tucked between posterior cerebellar lobe and brainstem; composed of floculus and nodules of vermis

78
Q

structures of the diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, subthalamic nucleus

79
Q

thalamus

A

relays sensory info to cerebral cortex; helps regulate arousal and awareness

80
Q

hypothalamus

A

maintains homeostasis; regulates hormone secretion, body temp, hunger and thirst, sleep cycle, and physiological responses to emotions

81
Q

mammillary body

A

important role in episodic/recollective memory, part of limbic system

82
Q

pineal gland

A

regulates circadian rhythm by producing melatonin

83
Q

subthalamic nucleus

A

functions with basal ganglia to control movements

84
Q

longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum

A

divides the 2 cerebral hemispheres

85
Q

gyri

A

rounded elevations on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres

86
Q

sulci

A

the grooves on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres

87
Q

cerebral lobes

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, limbic, insular

88
Q

frontal lobe

A

Controls voluntary movement and manages higher level executive functions

89
Q

parietal lobe

A

Somatosensory perception and integration; language processing

90
Q

temporal lobe

A

Auditory and olfactory perception and integration; language recognition; visual and long-term memory formation

91
Q

occipital lobe

A

Visual perception and integration

92
Q

limbic lobe (including cingulate gyrus)

A

memory, learning, motivation, and emotion

93
Q

insular lobe

A

Gustatory perception and integration; visceral and pain sensation

94
Q

cerebral cortex

A

surface of the cerebral hemispheres

95
Q

gray matter of the cerebrum

A

basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, globus paladus)

96
Q

caudate

A

motor control, goal-oriented behaviors, memory, learning, and emotion

97
Q

putamen

A

preparation and execution of movements, as well as learning

98
Q

globus paladus

A

regulation of movement; separated into globus pallidus internus and externus

99
Q

striatum

A

caudate and putamen

100
Q

lentiform nucleus

A

globus paladus and putamen

101
Q

ventral striatum

A

includes nucleus accumbens; involved in reward system, aversion, and reinforcement learning

102
Q

substantia nigra

A

part of basal ganglia in the midbrain

103
Q

subthalamic nucleus

A

component of basal ganglia in the diencephalon

104
Q

limbic system components

A

amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, mammillary bodies, cingulate gyrus, and claustrum

105
Q

amygdala

A

primary role in memory, decision-making, and emotional responses

106
Q

hippocampus

A

learning, memory, emotional behavior, and spatial cognition

107
Q

fornix

A

memory encoding and storage

108
Q

mammillary body

A

important role in episodic/recollective memory

109
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

Involved with processing of emotions and memory storage

110
Q

claustrum

A

Sheet of neurons located between the putamen and insula; Integrates multiple cortical inputs into a single experience; Involved with consciousness, awareness, and sustained attention

111
Q

intervertebral formaina

A

connects the laterla ventricles

112
Q

cerebral aquaduct

A

connects 3rd and 4th ventricles

113
Q

meninges

A

dura, arachnoid, and pia matter

114
Q

dura matter

A

tough outer layer with 2 projections that separate parts of the brain

115
Q

arachnoid matter

A

named for its resemblence to a spider web

116
Q

pia matter

A

delicate membrane adherent to the surface of the CNS

DPT 500-Anatomy and Histology (12 decks)

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