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DPT 500-Anatomy and Histology > Upper Limb Lecture > Flashcards

Upper Limb Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

what connects the trunk and upper limb?

A

the SC joint

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2
Q

what do all structures that pass b/w the neck and arm go through?

A

the axilla

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3
Q

what goes through the cubital fossa?

A

median nerve and brachial artery

tendon of biceps brachii

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4
Q

what is the cubital fossa?

A

formed by brachioradialis and pronator teres

where brachial artery branches into radial and ulnar arteries

BP measurement

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5
Q

what goes through the carpal tunnel (transverse carpal ligament)?

A

median nerve, flexor tendons, and flexor retinaculum

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6
Q

brachial

A

arm

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7
Q

antibrachial

A

forearm

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8
Q

what muscles connect the scapula and clavicle to the trunk?

A

traps, rhomboids (major and minor), and levator scap

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9
Q

what connects the clavicle, scap, and body wall to the proximal humerus?

A

pec major, pec minor, lats, teres major, deltoid, and rotator cuff muscles

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10
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

SITS:
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis

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11
Q

anterior compartment

A

flexors

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12
Q

posterior compartment

A

extensors

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13
Q

what separates the posterior and anterior compartments?

A

intermuscular septa, bones, and ligaments (interosseous membrane in the forearm)

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14
Q

what are the hand intrinsics?

A

thenar and hypothenar muscles

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15
Q

thenar muscles

A

move thumb independent of other muscles

soft tissue mound called thenar eminence on palmar aspect of metacarpal 1

opponents pollicus

flexor pollicus brevis

abductor pollicis brevis

innervated by recurrent branch of median nerve

adductor compartment: adductor pollicus innervated by deep branch of ulnar nerve

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16
Q

hypothenar muscles

A

soft tissue mound on palmar side of metacarpal 5

act on digit 5

form hypothenar eminence

innervated by deep branch of ulnar nerve

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17
Q

what makes up the axilla inlet?

A

medial margin: lateral border of rib 1

anterior margin: posterior surface of the clavicle

posterior margin: superior border of the scapula

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18
Q

what makes up the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

lateral pec major, pec minor, and subclavius

clavipectoral fascia (deep to pec minor, encloses subclavius and pec minor)

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19
Q

what goes through the clavipectoral fascia?

A

cephalic vein

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20
Q

what makes up the medial wall of the axilla?

A

ribs and intercostal muscles
serratus anterior

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21
Q

what makes up the lateral wall?

A

intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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22
Q

what muscle connects to lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus?

A

pec major

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23
Q

what muscle connects to the floor of the intertubercular sulcus?

A

lats

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24
Q

what muscle connects to the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus?

A

teres major

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25
Q

what makes up the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

subscapularis, lats, teres major, long head of triceps brachii

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26
Q

what makes up the floor of the axilla?

A

fascia and dome of the skin supported by clavipectoral fascia

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27
Q

is the anterior or posterior fold of the axilla more superior?

A

the anterior fold is more superior than the posterior fold

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28
Q

what are the boundaries of the quadrangular space?

A

teres major, surgical neck of humerus, teres minor, long head of triceps brachii

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29
Q

what passes through the quadrangular space?

A

axillary nerve, and posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein

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30
Q

what are the boundaries of the triangular space?

A

long head of triceps brachii, teres major, and teres minor

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31
Q

what passes through the triangular space?

A

circumflex scapular artery and vein

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32
Q

what are the boundaries of the triangular interval?

A

long head of triceps brachii, shaft of humerus, and teres major

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33
Q

what passes through the triangular interval?

A

radial nerve, profunda brachii (deep artery of arm), and vein

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34
Q

what makes up the suprascapular foramen?

A

suprascapular notch and superior transverse scapular ligament

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35
Q

what passes through the suprascapular foramen?

A

suprascapular nerve

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36
Q

branching of the subclavian artery

A

subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the lateral margin of rib 1

the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at the inferior margin of the teres major

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37
Q

what are the 3 parts of the axillary artery?

A

1st part: proximal to pec minor

2nd part: posterior to pec minor

3rd part: distal to pec minor

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38
Q

branching of the axillary vein

A

the basilic vein becomes the axillary vein at the lower margin of the teres major

the axillary vein becomes the subclavian vein as it crosses superior of rib 1

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39
Q

what does the cephalic vein pass through?

A

the clavipectoral fascia at the clavipectoral triangle

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40
Q

what are the borders of the clavipectoral triangle?

A

superior: clavicle

medial: lateral border of pec major

lateral: medial border of delta

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41
Q

what is the site to palpate the coracoid process?

A

the clavipectoral triangle

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42
Q

axillary nerve

A

quadrangular space

deltoid and teres minor

passes around surgical neck of humerus

motor: teres minor and deltoids

sensory: superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve

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43
Q

radial nerve

A

triangular interval

posterior (extensor) compartment

diagonally around the posterior humerus in the radial groove

motor: triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus

deep branch of radial nerve (post interosseous nerve): supinator, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis, abductor pollicis longus

sensory: inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve, posterior brachial cutaneous nerve, posterior antibrachial cutaneous nerve, superficial branch (post, dorsal hand; dorsal digital branch of radial nerve)

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44
Q

ulnar nerve

A

intrinsic hand muscles

posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus

flexors in the forearm: flexor carpi ulnaris and medial side of flexor digitorum

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45
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

motor: corocobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis

sensory: lateral antibrachial cutaneous nerve (lateral forearm)

46
Q

median nerve

A

motor: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris Longus, flexor digitorum superficialis

anterior interosseous nerve: flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus (lateral side only), pronator quadratus

palmar digital nerves: 1st and 2nd lumbricals

recurrent branch (muscles of thenar eminence): abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponents pollicis

sensory: cutaneous branch (proximal thumb) and palmar digital nerves (lateral aspect of head)

47
Q
A
48
Q

superficial veins

A

superficial fascia

access to patients’s vascular system

dorsal venous network of hand (dorsal metacarpal and dorsal digital veins)

49
Q

branches of superficial veins

A

cephalic, basilic, and median cubital veins

50
Q

what are the arteries of the axilla?

A

axillary artery: superior thoracic artery, thoraco-acromial artery, lateral thoracic artery, subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, and posterior circumflex artery

brachial artery (continuation of axillary artery then into radial and ulnar arteries)

profunda brachii artery (branch of brachial)

51
Q

arteries of the anterior compartment

A

brachial artery into radial and ulnar arteries

52
Q

what is the only attachment b/w the trunk and upper limb?

A

the clavicle

53
Q

infraglenoid tubercle

A

attachment of triceps brachii

54
Q

supraglenoid tubercle

A

attachment of long head of biceps brachii

55
Q

spinoglenoid notch

A

connects supra/infraspinous fossa

suprascapular artery and nerve

56
Q

suprascapular notch

A

converted to foramen by superior transverse scapular ligament

suprascapular nerves and vessels

57
Q

costal surface of the scapula

A

subscapular fossa and subscapular muscle

makes scapulothoracic joint

58
Q

attachments of the coracoid process

A

pec minor, coracobrachialis, short head of biceps brachii, and coracoclavicular ligament

59
Q

attachments of the greater tubercle

A

supraspinatus (superior facet), infraspinous (middle facet), and teres minor (inferior facet)

60
Q

attachments of the lesser tubercle

A

subscapularis

61
Q

attachment of the lateral lip of the bicipital groove

A

pec major

62
Q

attachment of the medial lip of the bicipital groove

A

teres major

63
Q

attachment of the floor of the bicipital groove

A

lats

64
Q

surgical neck of the humerus

A

weak point-common fracture

axillary nerve, and posterior circumflex humeral artery pass around

65
Q

capitulum

A

lateral

articulates with the radius

not viewable posterior

66
Q

trochlea

A

medial

articulates with the ulna

pulley shaped

extends to posterior side

67
Q

medial epicondyle

A

flexors attachment (anterior forearm compartment)

ulnar nerve passes around posterior surface

68
Q

lateral epicondyle

A

attachment of extensors (posterior compartment of forearm)

less pronounced than medial epicondyle

69
Q

radial fossa

A

superior of capitulum

head of radius when elbow is flexed

70
Q

coronoid fossa

A

anterior superior of trochlea

coronoid process of ulna when elbow is flexed

71
Q

olecranon fossa

A

posterior superior of trochlea

olecranon during elbow extension

72
Q

radial head

A

proximal

73
Q

ulnar head

A

distal

74
Q

radial notch

A

articulates with radial head

75
Q

trochlear notch

A

articulates with trochlea

76
Q

coronoid process

A

inferior part of trochlear notch

lateral side of radial notch

77
Q

supinator crest

A

origin of supinator muscle of lateral side

posterior border of supinator fossa

78
Q

tuberosity of the ulna

A

attachment of the brachialis muscle

79
Q

radius shaft

A

narrow proximally and broad distally

80
Q

is the radial or ulnar styloid process more distal?

A

the radial styloid process is more distal than the ulnar styloid process

81
Q

distal facets of the radius articulate with what?

A

the scaphoid and lunate

82
Q

ulnar shaft

A

broad proximally and narrow distally

83
Q

what provides stability of the GH joint?

A

rotator cuff muscles

long head of biceps brachii

ligaments

84
Q

subtendinous bursa of the subscap (subscapular bursa)

A

b/w subscap and fibrous membrane

85
Q

the fibrous membrane thickens to form what?

A

superior, middle, and inferior GH ligaments

coracohumeral ligament

transverse humeral ligament

medial and lateral collateral ligaments

86
Q

3 articulations at the elbow

A

trochlear notch and trochlea (flexion/extension)

head of radius and capitulum (flexion/extension)

head of radius and radial notch (pronation/supination)

87
Q

fat pads separate what?

A

the synovial membrane from the fibrous membrane

88
Q

what moves fat pads out of the way during flexion/extension?

A

the tendons of the brachialis and triceps brachii

89
Q

superficial/subcutaneous olecranon bursa

A

b/w olecranon and subcutaneous tissue

90
Q

what is the sacciform recess?

A

pocket of synovial membrane that protrudes from the inferior joint capsule

facilitates rotation of head of radius during pronation/supination

91
Q

distal radioulnar joint

A

head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius and fibrous articular disc separating RU joint from wrist

92
Q

what makes up the lateral carpal arch?

A

tubercles of trapezium and scaphoid

93
Q

what makes up the medial carpal arch?

A

pisiform and hood of hamate

94
Q

what makes up the anterior carpal arch?

A

flexor retinaculum attaches to and spans b/w lateral and medial sides

95
Q

CMC joints

A

b/w carpals and base of metacarpals

plane joints

1 trapeziometacarpal joint-saddle joint b/w trapezium and metacarpal 1 (allows opposition)

96
Q

MCP joints

A

b/w head of metacarpals and base of proximal phalanges

condylar joints

flex/extend, add/abduct, circumduction

97
Q

PIP joints

A

b/w head of proximal phalanges and base of middle phalanges

98
Q

DIP joints

A

b/w head of middle phalanges and base of distal phalanges

99
Q

can the hand adduct or abduct more?

A

the hand can adduct (ulnar deviate) more than abduct (radial deviate)

100
Q

radial collateral ligament

A

b/w radial styloid process and scaphoid and trapezium

101
Q

ulnar collateral ligament

A

b/w ulnar styloid process and triquetrum and pisiform

102
Q

carpal tunnel

A

anterior wrist

carpal bones and flexor retinaculum

lateral base: tubercles of schaphoid and trapezium

medial base: pisiform and hood of hamate

103
Q

what converts the carpal arch into the carpal tunnel?

A

the flexor retinaculum

104
Q

what goes through the carpal tunnel?

A

median nerve

tendon of flexor pollicis longus

4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis

4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

105
Q

the palmaris brevis overlies what set of muscles?

A

the hypothenar muscles

106
Q

anatomical snuffbox

A

lateral: tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

medial: tendon of extensor pollicis longus

floor: schaphoid and trapezium

radial artery passes through

107
Q

muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

flexors

musculocutaneous nerve

coracobrachialis pierced by musculocutaneous nerve

biceps brachii

deep layer mostly innervated by anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve)

flexor digitorum superficialis

108
Q

deep layer of muscles in posterior compartment of forearm

A

innervated by posterior interosseous nerve

mostly originate on interosseous membrane

109
Q

superficial layer of muscles in posterior compartment of forearm

A

extension

lateral epicondyle and supercondylar ridge

extensor retinaculum

radial nerve-posterior interosseous branch

110
Q

what are the intrinsic hand muscles?

A

hypothenar muscles, thenar muscles, lumbricals, and interossei compartments

111
Q

what are the lumbricals?

A

lateral 2: innervated by dorsal digital branch of median nerve

medial 2: innervated by ulnar nerve

112
Q

interossei compartments

A

DAB: dorsal abduct digits 2-4

PAD: palmar adduct all digits except 3

innervated by deep branch of ulnar nerve

DPT 500-Anatomy and Histology (12 decks)

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