Upper limb living anatomy

Question 1

Movements that cause rotation at the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 1

Abduction

Adduction

Flexion and extension of arm

Elevation, depression, protraction and retraction of the scapula.

Question 2

Dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 2

Cause:
- Direct blow to acromion/ point of shoulder

Clavicle will lie uppermost

• Mainly due to the rupture of the coracoclavicular ligament
• Can also rupture acriomioclavicular ligament

Question 3

Testing lateral rotation at the shoulder joint

Answer 3

Both hands behind the head

Arm abducted to 90, elbow flexed at 90
- Forearm and hand move upwards

Question 4

Testing medial rotation at the shoulder joint

Answer 4

Hand actively placed on the back, between scapulae

Arm abducted to 90, elbow flexed at 90
- Forearm and hand move downwards

Question 5

How to palpate biceps and brachial during isometric contraction

Answer 5

Flex forearm against resistance

Question 6

How to triceps during isometric contraction

Answer 6

Extend forearm against resistance

Question 7

Muscles that flex elbow joint when forearm is:

• Supinated
• Pronated
• Half pronated

Answer 7

Supinated + pronated

• Biceps
• Brachialis

Half-pronated:
- Brachioradialis

Question 8

Position of radius and ulna during

• Pronation
• Supination

Answer 8

Supinated
- Radius and ulna are parallel

Pronation
- Radius crosses over ulnar

Question 9

Pronator teres during isometric contraction

Answer 9

Pronation of forearm against resistance

Question 10

Flexor carpi radialis during isometric contraction

Answer 10

Flexion and abduction of hand at the wrist against resistance

Question 11

Identifying flexor digitorium superficially tendons during isometric contraction

Answer 11

Immediately proximal to wrist, deep to FCR muscle

Digits flexed at MCP joint.

Question 12

Components of the radiocarpal joint

Answer 12

Condyle synovial joint

Distal end of radius articulates with

• Scaphoid
• Lunate
• Triquetrium

Question 13

Movements at radoiocarpal joint

Answer 13

Flexion + Extension

Adduction + abduction

Circumduction

Question 14

Border of anatomical snuff box

Answer 14

Extensor pollicus longus

Abductor pollicus longus

Extensor pollicus brevis

Question 15

Muscles of the thenar eminence

Answer 15

Opponens pollicus

Abductor pollicus brevis

Flexor pollicus brevis

Question 16

Function of dorsal interossei muscles

Answer 16

Abduction of digits

Question 17

Carpometacarpal joint

• Description
• Function

Answer 17

Saddle, synovial joint

- Between trapezium bone and 1st metacarpal bone.

Question 18

Position of the wrist joint and the joints of the hand in a precision grip.

Answer 18

Wrist

• Neutral or slightly extended
• Held stable by flexor and extensor muscles

MCP joint
- Flexed by lumbricals

IP joints
- Extended by lumbricals

Question 19

Position of the wrist joint and the joints of the hand in a power grip.

Answer 19

Wrist
- Extended= increases the distance of flexor muscles to act= stronger contraction of flexors

Joints in the hand
- Tightly flexed