Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 204: Musculoskeletal system > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Gait cycle- Stride

A

The period between the leg touching the ground once, and then again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stance

A

The period in gait, where the foot is on the ground.

The decreases when the speed increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Swing

A

The period in gait where the foot is off the ground.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tasks in gait (purpose of stance and swing)

A

Stance

  • Accepts weight
  • Single limb support

Swing
- Limb advancement= the body moving forward to cover distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Phases of gait

A

Weight acceptance

  • Initial contact
  • Loading response

Single limb support

  • Mid stance
  • Terminal stance
  • Pre swing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Initial contact

  • Description
  • Joints (hip, knee, ankle, 1st MTPJ)
A

First part of gait cycle
- When the foot is in contact with the ground for the first time in the gait cycle.

Joints:

  • Hip flexion
  • Knee is neutral/ extended
  • Ankle is dorsiflexion/ neural
  • 1st MTPJ dorsiflex/ neutral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Loading response

  • Description
  • Joints
A

Second stage of gait cycle.

Joints and muscles

  • Knee flexion: reduces impact
  • Ankle in plantar flexion: more stability, by increasing contact area
  • 1 MTPJ joint neutral
  • Hip flexion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Terminal stance

A

Gait cycle- preparing for propulsion.

Muscles and joints:

Ankle in plantar flexion
Knee slightly flexed
Hip fully extend
Calf muscles allows push off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Swing phase gait cycle

A

Foot is off the ground due to momentum

- Many muscles are not activated due to this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Base of support

A

Total contact area with the ground
- Centre of mass has to be between base of support

During walking
- Two stance, one stance, two stance = changes in stability, straight line walking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Turning types

A

Healthy= spin turn

Neurological problem/ elderly
- Shuffle turn, to keep base support to increase stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Initial contact

- Muscles (Gracilis, knee flexors/extensors, ankle muscles, hip muscles)

A

Hip extensors
- Eccentric contraction for flexion control

Gracilis

  • Isometric contraction
  • Control hip flexion and knee extension

Knee flexors
- Concentric contraction= knee flexion

Knee extensors
- Eccentric contraction= controls knee flexion

Ankle dorsiflexors
- Eccentric contraction= prevents foot slapping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Loading response

- Muscles (Gastrocnemius, knee flexors/extensors, ankle muscles, hip muscles)

A

Hip extensors
- Concentric contraction= starts hip extension

Knee flexors
- Concentric contraction= keep knee in flexion

Knee extensors
- Eccentric contraction= controls knee flexion

Ankle dorsiflexors
- Eccentric contraction= prevents foot slapping

Ankle plantar flexors
- Concentric contraction= brings foot to ground

Gastrocnemius
- Concentric contraction= knee flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mid-stance

  • Description
  • Joints (hip, knee, ankle, 1st MTPJ)
A

Balance of weight on one foot

Joints:

  • Hip neutral
  • Knee Extension
  • Ankle neutral
  • 1st MTPJ neutral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mid-stance

- Muscles (hip, knee, gastric, ankle)

A

Hip extensors
- Concentric contraction, keep hip extended

Knee flexors
- Eccentric contraction= controls extension

Gastric
- Eccentric= controls extension

Ankle plantar flexors
- Eccentric contraction= stabilise foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Terminal stance

  • Description
  • Joints (hip, knee, ankle, 1st MTPJ)
A

Heel of reference foot rises while its toes are still in contact with the ground

Joints:

  • Hip extension
  • Knee full extension
  • Ankle dorsiflexion
  • 1st MTPJ neutral/ dorsiflex
17
Q

Terminal stance

- Muscles (hip, knee, gastroc, ankle)

A

Hip flexors
- Eccentric= control hip extension

Gastric
- eccentric contraction= controls knee extension

Ankle plantar flexors
- Eccentric contraction = ankle dorsiflexion

18
Q

Pre-swing

  • Description
  • Joints (hip, knee, ankle, 1st MTPJ)
A

Toes lift off

Joints:

  • Hip neutral
  • Knee flexion
  • Ankle plantar flexion
  • 1st MTPJ dorsiflex
19
Q

Pre-swing

- Muscles (hip, knee, gastroc, ankle)

A

Hip flexors-
- Concentric= starts flexion

Gracilis
- Concentric contraction= assist knee flexion

Gastroc
- Concentric contraction= brings knee into flexion

Ankel plantar flexor
- Concentric contraction= propels body

Ankle dorsi flexor
- Concentric=Keep foot off ground.

20
Q

Initial swing

  • Description
  • Joints (hip, knee, ankle, 1st MTPJ)
A

Feet off ground

Joints

  • Hip neutral
  • Knee flexed
  • Ankle neutral/ extend
  • 1st MTPJ extension/ neutral
21
Q

Initial swing

- Muscles (hip, knee, gastroc, ankle)

A

Hip flexors
- Concentric= flexion

Gracilis
- Concentric= knee flexion

Ankle dorsiflexor
- Concentric= foot off ground

22
Q

Mid-swing

  • Description
  • Joints (hip, knee, ankle, 1st MTPJ)
A

Bring foot back to the ground

Joints

  • Hip starting to flex
  • Knee flexion
  • Ankle dorsiflexion
  • 1st MTPJ dorsiflex
23
Q

Mid-swing

- Muscles (hip, knee, gracilis, ankle)

A

Hip extensors
- Eccentric= control flexion

Gracilis
- Concentric= hip and knee flexion

Knee flexor
- concentric= flex to keep lower leg off ground

Ankle dorsiflexors
- Concentric= keep foot off ground

24
Q

terminal-swing

  • Description
  • Joints (hip, knee, ankle, 1st MTPJ)
A

Joints:

  • Hip flexion
  • Knee flex/ neutral
  • Ankle dorsiflex
  • 1MTPJ dorsiflex
25
Q

terminal-swing

- Muscles (hip, knee, gracilis, ankle)

A

Hip extensor
- Eccentric= control flexion

Gracilis
- Isometric= control hip flexion and knee extension

Knee extensor
- Concentric= knee to extension

Ankle dorsiflexors
- Concentric= foot off ground.

26
Q

Types of turning

A

Step turn

Ipisilateral pivot

Ipsilateral crossover

27
Q

Base of support

A

Area pithing an outline of all ground contact points

28
Q

Centre of mass

A

Average position of all parts of the system

- Weighted according to their masses

29
Q

Compensation in gait in people with OA

A

Increased usage of hip

Increased usage of opposite knee

Decreased usage of affected knee

Reduced step length

Module 204: Musculoskeletal system (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions