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Module 204: Musculoskeletal system > Forearm > Flashcards

Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Captiulum

A

Lateral condyle of the humerus

- Articulates with radial head

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2
Q

Trochlea

A

Medial condyle of humerus

Articulates with ulnar head

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3
Q

Olecranon

A

Proximal, posterior section of the ulna
- Articulates with the posterior depression in the distal humerus

Forms bony prominence when elbow is bent

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4
Q

Elbow joint

  • Articulation
  • Type
  • Movements
A

Articulations:

  • Humeroulnar
  • Humeroradial
  • Proximal radioulnar

Type

  • Synovial hinge joint (Humeroulnar)
  • Synovial pivot (PRU)

Movement

  • Hinge: Flexion, extension
  • PRU: pronation and supination of hand.
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5
Q

Radial collateral ligament of elbow

A

From the lateral epicondyle to annular ligament

Stabilises joint

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6
Q

Annular ligament of elbow

A

From radial notch of the ulnar
- Encircles head of radius

Stabilises radius against radial notch of ulna
- Permits supination and pronation

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7
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament of elbow

A

From lateral epicondyle to supinator crest on ulna

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8
Q

Cubital fossa

- Borders

A

Triangular region over anterior elbow

Boundaries:
Base of triangle: Line between medial and lateral epicondyle
- Medially= pronator teres
- Laterally= brachioradialis
- Bed= brachial

Content

  • Brachial artery
  • Biceps tendon, Bicipital aponeurosis
  • Median nerve
  • median cubital vein

Related structures

  • Ulnar nerve passes medially
  • Radial nerve passes laterally
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9
Q

Origin of superficial forearm flexors

A

Common flexor origin

- Medial epicondyle

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10
Q

Pronator teres

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
  • Related structures
A

Origin

  • Medial epicondyle [common flexor tendon]
  • Medial supra-epicondyle ridge

Insertion
- Lateral mid-shaft of radius

Innervation
- Median nerve

Action

  • Pronation of forearm
  • Flexion at elbow

Related structures

  • Medial border of the cubital fossa
  • Median nerve enters the forearm between its two heads
  • Inserts distally to supinator
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11
Q

Common flexor tendon

  • Origin
  • Muscles that attach [5]
A

Tendon from the medial epicondyle that serves as origin of attachment for:

  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Palmaris longus
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Pronator teres
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis
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12
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Artery
  • Action
  • Related structures
A

Origin
- Common flexor tendon

Insertion
- Base of metacarpal 2,3.

Innervation
- Median nerve

Artery
- ulnar

Action

  • Flexion at wrist
  • Abduction at wrist

Related structures
- Originates lateral and superficial to FDS

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13
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Artery
  • Action
A

Origin
- Common flexor tendon

Insertion

  • Pisiform
  • Hook of hamate
  • Base of 5th metacarpal

Innervation
- Ulnar nerve

Artery
- ulnar

Action

  • Flexion at wrist
  • Adduction at wrist
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14
Q

Palmaris longus

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Artery
  • Action
A

Origin
- Common flexor tendon

Insertion

  • Palmar aponeurosis into distal phalanges 2-5
  • Flexor retinaculum

Innervation
- Median nerve

Artery
- ulnar

Action
- Flexion at wrist

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15
Q

Flexor digitorium Superficialis

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Artery
  • Action
  • Related structures
A

Origin

  • Common flexor tendon
  • Oblique line of radius

Insertion
- Middle phalanges 2-5

Innervation
- Median nerve

Artery
- Ulnar

Action

  • Flexion of MCP and PIP for d2-5
  • Flexion of wrist

Related structures:

  • Tendons travel in carpal tunnel
  • Tendon creates chimes to allow FDF tendons to pass
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16
Q

Flexor digitorium profundus

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Artery
  • Action
  • Related structures
A

Deep muscle

Origin

  • Anteromedial surface of ulna
  • Adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion
- Distal phalanx d2-5

Action
- Flexion of DIP, Wrist, MCP, PIP

Innervation

  • Anterior interosseous (median)
  • Ulnar

Artery
- Anterior interosseous (Ulnar)

Related structures

  • Tendons run through carpal tunnel, deep to FDS
  • Origin of lumbrical muscles (radial side)
17
Q

Flexor Pollicus longus

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Artery
  • Action
  • Related structures
A

Origin

  • Anterior radial surface
  • Radial half of interosseous membrane

Insertion
- Base of distal phalanx of D1

Action
- Flexion of IP, MCP joint of thumb

Innervation
- Anterior interosseous (median)

Artery
- Anterior interosseous (Ulnar)

Related structures

  • Tendons run through carpal tunnel, lateral to other tendons
  • Anterior interosseous artery and vein passes between it and FDP
18
Q

Pronator Quadratus

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Artery
  • Action
A

Origin
- Medial, anterior, distal ulnar

Insertion
- Lateral, anterior, distal radius

Innervation
- Anterior interosseous (median)

Artery
- Anterior interosseous (Ulnar)

Action
- Pronation of forearm

19
Q

Supinator

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Artery
  • Action
A

Origin

  • Lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Supinator crest of ulnar

Insertion
- Lateral, proximal radial surface

Innervation
- Radial

Artery
- Radial

Action
- Supination

20
Q

Brachioradialis

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Artery
  • Action
  • Related structures
A

Origin
- Lateral, supraepicondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion
- Styloid process of radius

Innervation
- Radial

Artery
- Radial

Action

  • Flexion then half pronated
  • Supination when extended

Related structures

  • Radial nerve runs deep
  • Forms lateral border of cubital fossa
21
Q

Anconeus

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Origin
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion
- Olecranon of ulnar

Action
- Stabilises elbow during pronation and supination

Innervation
- Radial

22
Q

Extensor carpi radialis

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Two parts: Brevis and longus

Origins:
Longus- Supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
Brevis- Common extensor tendon

Insertion

  • Dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal (longus)
  • Base of 3rd MC (brevis)

Action

  • Extension of wrist
  • Abduction of wrist

Innervation
- Radial

23
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Artery
  • Action
A

Origin
- Common extensor tendon

Insertion
- Base of 5th metacarpal

Innervation
- Radial

Artery
- Ulnar

Action

  • Extension of wrist
  • Adduction of wrist
24
Q

Extensor digitorium

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Artery
  • Action
A

Origin
- Common extensor tendon

Insertion
- Extensor hoods into middle and distal phalanges of D2-5

Innervation
- Posterior interosseous (Radial)

Action
- Extension of wrist and digits

25
Q

Extensor digit minimi

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Artery
  • Action
A

Origin
- Common extensor tendon

Insertion
- Extensor hood into of d5

Action
- Extension of D5, wrist

Innervation
- Radial

26
Q

Extensor pollicus brevis

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Origin
- Radius, interosseous membrane

Insertion
- Dorsal base of proximal phalanx of thumb.

Innervation
- Radial

Action
- Extension of thumb at MCP, CM

27
Q

Extensor pollicus longus

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Origin
- Ulnar, interosseous membrane

Insertion
- Dorsal base of distal phalanx of thumb.

Innervation
- Radial

Action
- Extension of thumb at MCP, IP joints

28
Q

Abductor pollicus longus

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Origin

  • Posterior ulnar and radial surface
  • interosseous membrane

Insertion
- Base of 1st metacarpal

Action

  • Abduction of thumb
  • Extension of thumb

Innervation
- Radial

29
Q

Extensor indicis

  • Origin+ insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Origin

  • Distal ulna
  • Interosseous membrane

Insertion
- Extensor hood of D2

Action

  • Extension of D2
  • Extensor of wrist

Innervation
- Radial

30
Q

Radial nerve

A

From posterior cord

Enters forearm laterally, under brachioradialis

Branch

  • Superficial= sensory
  • Deep= motor

Sensory

  • Posterior arm
  • Dorsum of hand
  • Posterior forearm
  • Inferior lateral arm

Motor

  • Posterior interosseous= extensors of forearm
  • Supinator
  • Triceps
  • Brachioradialis
  • Anconeus
31
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

From medial cord
- Enters the cubital tunnel

Motor

  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Medial half of flexor digitorium profundus
  • Intrinsic hand muscles (lat. 2 lumbricals)

Sensory
- Medial hand, digits 1/2(4), 5

32
Q

median nerve

A

Travels between FDS, FDP

Motor

  • Flexors of forearm( XC Flexor carpi ulnaris)
  • Anterior interosseous = deep flexors, including Radial half of FDP

Sensory

  • Lateral palm
  • Later 3.5 digits

Module 204: Musculoskeletal system (22 decks)

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