Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 204: Musculoskeletal system > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

Humeral head + glenoid fossa.

Movements:

  • Add/Abduction
  • Flex/Extension
  • Med/Lateral rotation
  • Cirumduction.

Very unstable joint
- Due to large humeral head on shallow glenoid fossa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Acromion articulates with clavicle in a planar joint

Stabilised by acromioclavicular ligament

Common dislocated in collision sports (ice hockey, rugby, judo, American football)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ligaments of the shoulder

A

Overall
- Stabilise and support the shoulder region.

  • Acromioclavicular
  • Coracoacromial Forms coracoacromial arch to support head of humerus + prevent superior dislocation.
  • Coracoclavicular Major stabilizing ligament, has two parts sitting right angle to each other.
  • Glenohumeral Superior, middle inferior.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Features that stabilise the glenohumeral joint

A

Coracoacromial arch
- Prevents superior dislocation

Deepening of the glenoid fossa by the labrum.

Rotator cuff muscle tendons

Long heads of the biceps and triceps

Glenohumeral ligaments
- Supports the anterior joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Muscles that rotate the scapula in adduction

A

Rhomboids

Levator scapulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Muscles that rotate the scapula in abduction

A

Upper and lower deltoid fibres

Serratus anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most common shoulder dislocation

A

Anterior dislocation
- Humeral head descends inferior and is pulled anterior to joint.

Occurs to no rotator cuff tendon supporting it inferiorly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Deltoid

  • Origin
  • Insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Origin

  • Lateral clavicle
  • Acromion
  • Spine of scapula

Insertion
- Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Innervation
- Axillary nerve (Posterior cord, C5-6)

Action
- All fibres= abduction from 10-15 degrees

  • Posterior fibres= Extension at shoulder and lateral rotation
  • Anterior fibres= medial rotation, flexion at shoulder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Muscles involved in adducting the arm [4]

A

Rotation of scapula

  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboids

Latissimus dorsi

Pectoris major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Muscles involved in abducting the arm [4]

A

Rotation of scapula

  • Upper and lower fibres of trapezius
  • Serratus anterior

Deltoid- past 15 degrees

Supraspinatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Biceps

  • Origin [2]
  • Insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Origin
- Long head= supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Passes through joint capsule, under transverse humeral ligament- continues along biciptal groove
- Short head= Coracoid process

Insertion
- Radial tuberosity

Innervation
- Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7, lateral cord)

Action

  • Flexion of arm at shoulder
  • Flexion of forearm at elbow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Muscles that flex arm at the shoulder [4]

A

Biceps

Coracobrachialis

Anterior deltoid fibres

Pectoralis major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Coracobrachialis

  • Origin
  • Insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Origin
- Coracoid process

Insertion
- Humeral shaft (anteromedial surface)

Innervation
- Musculocutaneous nerve

Action
- Flexion of arm shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Muscles that extend the arm (at the shoulder)

A

Triceps

Posterior deltoid fibres

Latissimus dorsi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Triceps

  • Origin [3]
  • Insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Origins
- Long head= Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

  • Medial head= Below radial groove
  • Lateral head= Above radial groove

Insertion
-Olecranon of ulna.

Innervation
- Radial and axillary nerve

Action

  • Long head= extension of arm at shoulder
  • Medial and lateral head= extension of forearm at elbow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Supraspinatus

  • Origin
  • Insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Rotator cuff muscle

  • Most commonly torn due to limitted space under coracoacromial arch.
  • Initiates abduction
  • Stabilises glenohumeral joint superiorly

Origin
- Supraspinous fossa
Tendon passes under subacromial bursa, under coracoacromial arch.

Attachment
- Greater tubercle of humerus, above infraspinatus

Innervation
- Suprascapular nerve (C5-6)

17
Q

Infraspinatus

  • Origin
  • Insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Rotator cuff muscle

  • Lateral rotation of arm at shoulder
  • Stabilises shoulder joint posteriorly.

Origin
- Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Attachment
- Greater tubercle of humerus, below supraspinatus, above teres minor.

Innervation
- Suprascapular nerve (C5-6)

18
Q

Teres minor

  • Origin
  • Insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Rotator cuff muscle

  • Lateral rotation
  • Stabilises shoulder joint posteriorly.

Origin
- Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Attachment
- Greater tubercle of humerus, below Infraspinatus.

Innervation
- Axillary nerve (C5-6)

19
Q

Subscapularis

  • Origin
  • Insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Rotator cuff muscle

  • Stabilises shoulder anteriorly
  • Medial rotation at shoulder.

Origin
- Subscapular fossa of scapula

Attachment
- Lesser tubercle of humerus

Innervation
- Upper and lower Subscapular nerve (C5-6)

20
Q

Teres major

  • Origin
  • Insertion
  • Innervation
  • Action
A

Origin
- Posterior aspect of Inferior angle of scapula

Attachment
- Medial lip of bicipital groove (of humerus)
Innervation
- Lower Subscapular nerve (C5-6)

Action

  • Medial rotation
  • Stabilises humerus during abduction in eccentric contraction
21
Q

Scapular anastomosis

A

Branches of the subclavian and axillary arteries
- Provides continuous blood supply to shoulder muscles during movement.

SCA

  • Dorsal scapular
  • Thyrocervical–> Suprascapular

Axillary
- Subscapular

22
Q

Suprascapular nerve

A

(C5-6)
-Superior trunk

Supplies supraspinatus and infraspinatus

23
Q

Axillary nerve

A

(C5-6, posterior cord)

  • Deltoid
  • Teres minor

Badge area of arm (sensation)

24
Q

Radial nerve

- Motor

A

(C5-T1, posterior cord)

- Triceps brachii

25
Q

Posterior cord branches innervations [3]

A

Supplies
- Subscapularis
- Teres major-
(Upper and lower subscapular nerves)

  • Latissimus dorsi.
    (Thoracodorsal nerve)
26
Q

Quadrangular space

A

Space in axillary

Borders

  • Humerus, laterally
  • Tricep long head, medially
  • Teres minor, superiorly (over tricep)
  • Teres major, inferiorly (under triceps)

Structures that traverses the space

  • Axillary nerve
  • Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Clinical significance–>Fracture to surgical neck of humerus

  • Damage of axillary nerve= weakness/ paralysis of detloid/ teres minor, loss of sensation in badge area of arm.
  • Laceration of post. cirumflex humeral artery.

Module 204: Musculoskeletal system (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions