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Module 204: Musculoskeletal system > Principals of articulation > Flashcards

Principals of articulation Flashcards

1
Q

Articulation

A

Also known as joint or athrosis.

Point of contact between:

  • Neighbouring bones
  • Bone and cartilage
  • Bone and teeth
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2
Q

Joint classifications

A

Presence or absence of synovial cavity.

Type of connective tissue

  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial

Functional:

  • Synarthrosis
  • Amphiarthrosis
  • Diathrosis
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3
Q

Fibrous joint

A

Joint with no synovial cavity and fibrous connective tissue.
- Synarthrotic/ amphiarthrotic

Types:

  • Suture
  • Syndesmosis
  • Interosseous membrane
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4
Q

Suture joint

  • Joint type, structure
  • Cartilage
  • Movement
  • Examples
A

Type of fibrous joint between skull bones

Thin layer of dense connective tissue.

Irregular shape–> interlocks
- Synarthrosis

When it ossifies, forms synostosis.
- Occurs in left+right frontal bone around 6 yrs.

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5
Q

Syndesmosis

  • Joint type, structure
  • Cartilage
  • Movement
  • Examples
A

Type of fibrous joint
- More connective tissue and covers more distance that suture joint.

Connective tissues are bundled into ligament

Amphiarthrosis

Examples:

  • Anterior tibiofibular
  • Gomphosis (b/w teeth and mandible)
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6
Q

Interosseous membrane

  • Joint type, structure
  • Cartilage
  • Movement
  • Examples
A

Fibrous joint composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.
- Joins long bones

Amphiarthrosis

Examples

  • B/w tibia and fibula
  • B/w ulna and radius
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7
Q

Cartilaginous joints

  • Synovial cavity
  • Connective tissue
  • Functional movements
  • Types
A

Group of joints with no synovial cavity.

Connective tissue

  • Fibrocartilage
  • Hyaline cartilage

Syn/amphiarthrosis

Types

  • Synchondosis
  • Symphysis
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8
Q

Synchondosis

  • Joint type
  • Cartilage
  • Movement
  • Examples
A

Type of cartilaginous joint
- Hyaline cartilage

Synarthrosis

Examples
- Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)- forms synostosis after skeletal maturity.

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9
Q

Synovial joint

A

Joint that contains synovial cavity between the articulating bones

  • Diarthrosis
  • Articular cartilage
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10
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Avascular hyaline cartilage in synovial joints
- Covers the bones

Collagen and proteoglycan
- Collagen arrangement determines its resistance to compression

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11
Q

Articular capsule

A

Capsule around synovial joint

Outer fibrous membrane

  • Connects to periosteum
  • Allows flexible movement
  • Bundles= high tensile strength

Inner synovial membrane

  • Aerolar CT (elastic)
  • Contains articular fat pads occasionally
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12
Q

Synovial fluid

  • Description
  • Production
  • Function
A

Secreted by synovial membrane in synovial joint.

  • By fibroblast-like cells
  • Also from interstitial fluid from plasma.

Hyaluronic acid rich

Function

  • Lubricates articular surface
  • Shock absorber
  • Supplies nutrition, removes waste from articular cartilage (phagocytes)
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13
Q

Intrascapular ligaments of synovial joint

A

Inside the capsule
- Separated from synovial fluid by folds of synovial membrane

Examples
- Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee.

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14
Q

Extrascapular ligaments of synovial joint

A

Outside the capsule

- Includes fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee.

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15
Q

Accessory articular discs of synovial joints

A

Lies between the articular cartilage of the joint.

  • Helps to maintain stability
  • Directs flow of synovial fluid.

Examples
- Mensicus of the knee

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16
Q

Synovial joint nerve supply

A

Nerve- Same as the associated muscles

  • Nerve endings distributed to articular capsule and the ligaments
  • Responsible for pain and proprioception
17
Q

Bursae

A

Fluid filled sac lines with synovial-like membrane

- Cushions movement between body parts

18
Q

Tendon sheaths

A

Membrane the wrap around tendons

- Especially when they unit or pass through a joint capsule in synovial joints.

19
Q

Planar joint

  • Type
  • Movement
  • Examples
A

Synovial joint on flat/ slightly curved surface

  • Back and forth
  • Side to side

Examples:

  • Intercarpal
  • Intertarsal
20
Q

Hinge joint

  • Type
  • Movement
  • Examples
A

Synovial joint of a concave bone on convex surface

Flexion and extension

Examples

  • Knee
  • Elbow
21
Q

Pivot

  • Type
  • Movement
  • Examples
A

Synovial joint with round/pointed surface bone pivoting inside ring of another bone+ligament

Rotation in its longitudinal axis (monoaxial)

Example

  • Radioulnar
  • Atlanto-axial
22
Q

Condyloid joint

  • Type
  • Movement
  • Examples
A

Synovial joint with
- Convex oval projection of a bone into oval depression of another.

Biaxial movement

  • Flex and extend
  • Ab/adduct

Examples

  • Wrist
  • MCP joints
23
Q

Saddle joint

  • Type
  • Movement
  • Examples
A

Synovial joint
- Bone fits into saddle shape it opposes

Biaxial movement

  • Flex and extend
  • Ab/adduct
  • Sometimes limited rotation

Example
- Carpometacarpal joint between trapezium and 1st metacarpal.

24
Q

Ball and socket joint

  • Type
  • Movement
  • Examples
A

Synovial joint
- Ball-like surface of bone into cup-like depression of another

Triaxial movement

  • Flex/ Extend
  • Ad/abduct
  • Rotation

Examples

  • Shoulder
  • Hinge
25
Q

Glenoid labrum

A

Fibrocartilage that deeper glenoid fossa.

26
Q

Bursae and ligaments of glenohumeral joint

A

Ligaments that stabilise

  • Glenohumeral
  • Coracohumeral
  • Transverse humeral

Four bursae

27
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Planar joint that acts like a pivot between acromion and clavicle.

Allows arm rotation above the head.

28
Q

Ligaments that stabilise the acromioclavicular joint

A

Acromioclavicular

Coracoacromial

Coracoclavicular (conoid and trapezoid)

29
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Synovial saddle joint
- Clavicle into supralateral surface of the manubrium+ medial costal cartilage of rib 1

Triaxial movement
- Passive

Fibrocartilagenous articular disc
- Divides joint into two synovial cavities

30
Q

Ligaments that reinforce sternoclavicular joint

A

Interclavicular, anterior, and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

Module 204: Musculoskeletal system (22 decks)

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