upper limb anatomical model

Question 1

clavicle

origin:
insertion:
action:

Answer 1

connects the stermun and acromion process. connects teh axial skeleton

Question 2

acromion

Answer 2

Question 3

coracoid process

Answer 3

Question 4

subscapularis

Answer 4

Question 5

subclavius
origin:
inserton:
fucntion:
innervation:

origin:

Answer 5

Origin: Costal cartilage, sternal end of rib 1
Insertion: Anteroinferior surface of middle third of clavicle
function: Sternoclavicular joint: Anchors and depresses clavicle
Innervation:Subclavian nerve (C5-C6)

Question 6

lattissimus dorsi

Answer 6

Origin: Vertebral part: Spinous processes of vertebrae T7-T12, Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac part: Posterior third of crest of ilium
Costal part: Ribs 9-12
Scapular part: Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus, between pectoralis major and teres major muscles
Mnemonic: Lady between two majors (lady refers to latissimus dorsi)
Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
function: Shoulder joint: Arm internal rotation, Arm adduction, Arm extension; Assists in respiration

Question 7

pectoralis minor

Answer 7

Origin: Anterior surface, costal cartilages of ribs 3-5
Insertion: Medial border and coracoid process of scapula
Innervation: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
function: Scapulothoracic joint: draws scapula anteroinferiorly, stabilizes scapula on thoracic wall

Question 8

supraspinatus

Answer 8

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Shoulder joint: abduction of arm, stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid cavity
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

Question 9

infraspinatus

Answer 9

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Shoulder joint: Arm external rotation;
Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid cavity
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

Question 10

teres minor

Answer 10

Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Shoulder joint: Arm external rotation, arm adduction;
Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid cavity
Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Question 11

teres major

Answer 11

Origins: Inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border of the scapula
Insertions: Intertubercular sulcus (medial lip) of the humerus
Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve (C5-C7)
Function: Extension and internal rotation of the humerus (arm)

Question 12

deltoid

Answer 12

Origins: Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle (clavicular part), Acromion (acromial part), Spine of Scapula (spinal part)
Mnemonic: ‘Deltoid helps you carry SACS’
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
fucntion:Clavicular part: flexion and internal rotation of the arm,
Acromial part: abduction of the arm beyond the initial 15°
Spinal part: extension and external rotation of the arm.

Question 13

humerus

Answer 13

Question 14

bicep brachii

Answer 14

Origin: Short head - Apex of the Coracoid process of the scapula
Long head - Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Mnemonic: ‘You walk Shorter to a street Corner. You ride Longer on a Superhighway’
Insertion: Radial tuberosity of the radius
Deep fascia of forearm (insertion of the bicipital aponeurosis)
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5- C6)
Function: Flexion and supination of the forearm at the elbow joint, weak flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

Question 15

coracobrachialis

Answer 15

Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion: Anteromedial surface of the humerual shaft
Action: Adduction and flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5- C7)

Question 16

brachialis

Answer 16

Origin: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Insertion: Coronoid process of the ulna; Tuberosity of ulna
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6); Radial nerve (C7)
function: Strong flexion of forearm at the elbow joint

Question 17

tricep brachii

Answer 17

Origins:
Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Medial head - posterior surface of the humerus (inferior to radial groove)
Lateral head - posterior surface of the humerus (superior to radial groove)
Insertion Olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
Action Elbow joint: extension of the forearm
Shoulder joint: extension and adduction of the arm (long head)
Innervation Radial nerve (C6-C8)

Question 18

Answer 18

**brachiradialis **
Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, lateral intermuscular septum of arm
Insertion: (Proximal to) styloid process of radius
Action: Elbow joint: Forearm flexion (when semi pronated)
Innervation: Radial nerve (C5-C6)

Question 19

Answer 19

**pronator teres **
Origin: Humeral head: medial supracondylar ridge of humerus
Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: Lateral surface of radius (distal to supinator)
Action: Pronation of forearm at the proximal radioulnar joint, flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
Innervation: Median nerve (C6, C7)

Question 20

Answer 20

flexor carpi radialis
Origin Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion Bases of metacarpal bones 2-3
Action Wrist joint: Wrist flexion, wrist abduction

Question 21

Answer 21

palmaris longus
Origin Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion Flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
Action Wrist joint: Wrist flexion;
Tenses palmar aponeurosis
Innervation Median nerve (C7, C8)

Question 22

Answer 22

flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: Proximal half of anterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: Palmar surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Action: Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 2-5: Finger flexion
Innervation: Digits 2-3: Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve);
Digits 4-5: Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Question 23

Answer 23

flexor pollicis longus
Origin: Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Palmar surface of distal phalanx of thumb
Action: Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1;
Thumb flexion
Innervation Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve C7, C8)

Question 24

Answer 24

flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin: Humeroulnar head: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna
Radial head: Proximal half of anterior border of radius
Insertion: Sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Action: Metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints 2-5: Finger flexion
Innervation: Median nerve (C8, T1)

Question 25

Answer 25

**pronator quadratus** Origins Distal anterior surface of ulna Insertion Distal anterior surface of radius Actions Radioulnar joints: forearm pronation Innervation Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve, C7, C8)

Question 26

Answer 26

**extensor carpi radialis longus** Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, lateral intermuscular septum of arm Insertion: Posterior aspect of base of metacarpal bone 2 Actions: Wrist joints: Hand extension, hand abduction (radial deviation) Innervation: Radial nerve (C5-C8)

Question 27

Answer 27

**extensor carpi radialis brevis** Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) Insertion Posterior aspect of base of metacarpal bone 3 Action Wrist joints: Hand extension, hand abduction (radial deviation) Innervation Radial nerve (C5- C6)

Question 28

Answer 28

**extensor digitorum** Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) Insertion Extensor expansions of digits 2-5 Action Metacarpophalangeal / Interphalangeal joints 2-5: Finger extension Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

Question 29

Answer 29

**extensor carpi ulnaris** Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior border of ulna Insertion Base of metacarpal bone 5 Action Wrist joint: Hand extension and adduction Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

Question 30

Answer 30

**anconeus** Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion Lateral surface of olecranon Action Assists in forearm extension at the elbow joint; Stabilization of elbow joint Innervation Radial nerve (C7-C8)

Question 31

Answer 31

**supinator ** Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament, supinator crest of ulna Insertion Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius Action Proximal radioulnar joint: Forearm supination Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

Question 32

Answer 32

**abductor pollicis longus** Origin: Posterior surface of proximal half of radius, ulna and interosseus membrane Insertion: Base of metacarpal bone 1, (trapezium bone) Action: Radiocarpal joint: Hand extension; Carpometacarpal joint of thumb: Thumb abduction and extension Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

Question 33

Answer 33

**extensor pollicis brevis** Origin: Posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseus membrane Insertion: Posterior aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb Action: Carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joint 1: Thumb extension Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

Question 34

Answer 34

**extensor pollicis longus** Origin Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseus membrane Insertion Posterior aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb Action Wrist joints: Weak hand extension Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint of thumb: Thumb extension

Question 35

Answer 35

**extensor indicis** Origin Posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseus membrane Insertion Extensor expansion of index finger Action Wrist joints: Weak hand extension Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of index finger: Finger extension

Question 36

Answer 36

**abductor pollics brevis** Origin Tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium bones, Flexor retinaculum Insertion Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx 1 (via radial sesamoid bone) Action Carpometacarpal joint 1: Thumb abduction Innervation Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)

Question 37

Answer 37

**flexor pollicis brevis** Origin Superficial head: Flexor retinaculum, tubercle of trapezium bone Deep head: Trapezoid and capitate bones Insertion Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx 1 (via radial sesamoid bone) Action Carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joint 1: Thumb flexion Innervation Superficial head: Recurrent branch of median nerve Deep head: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Question 38

Answer 38

**abductor digit minimi** Origin Pisiform bone (Pisohamate ligament, Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris) Insertion Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 5, Extensor expansion of digit 5 Action Metacarpophalangeal joint 5: Finger abduction and flexion; Interphalangeal joints: Finger extension Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Question 39

Answer 39

**flexor digiti minimi brevis** Origin Hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum Insertion Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5 Action Metacarpophalangeal joint 5: Finger flexion (+ finger lateral rotation/opposition) Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Question 40

Answer 40

**adductor pollicis** Origin Transverse head: Palmar base of metacarpal bone 3 Oblique head: Capitate bone, palmar bases of metacarpal bones 2 & 3 Insertion Medial base of proximal phalanx 1 (via ulnar sesamoid bone) Action Carpometacarpal joint 1: Thumb adduction Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Question 41

Answer 41

**plamar interossei** Origin Ulnar side of metacarpal bone 2, Radial side of metacarpal bones 4 and 5 Insertion 1: Ulnar base of proximal phalanx/extensor expansion of digit 2 2 & 3: Radial base of proximal phalanges/extensor expansions of digits 4 and 5 Action Metacarpophalangeal joints 2,4 & 5: Finger adduction, Finger flexion; Interphalangeal joints 2,4 & 5: Finger extension Mnemonic: PAD DAB ('Use your hand to dab with a pad') - Palmar interossei ADduct, Dorsal interossei ABduct Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1)