upper limb anatomical model Flashcards
clavicle
origin:
insertion:
action:
connects the stermun and acromion process. connects teh axial skeleton
acromion
coracoid process
subscapularis
subclavius
origin:
inserton:
fucntion:
innervation:
origin:
Origin: Costal cartilage, sternal end of rib 1
Insertion: Anteroinferior surface of middle third of clavicle
function: Sternoclavicular joint: Anchors and depresses clavicle
Innervation:Subclavian nerve (C5-C6)
lattissimus dorsi
Origin: Vertebral part: Spinous processes of vertebrae T7-T12, Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac part: Posterior third of crest of ilium
Costal part: Ribs 9-12
Scapular part: Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus, between pectoralis major and teres major muscles
Mnemonic: Lady between two majors (lady refers to latissimus dorsi)
Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
function: Shoulder joint: Arm internal rotation, Arm adduction, Arm extension; Assists in respiration
pectoralis minor
Origin: Anterior surface, costal cartilages of ribs 3-5
Insertion: Medial border and coracoid process of scapula
Innervation: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
function: Scapulothoracic joint: draws scapula anteroinferiorly, stabilizes scapula on thoracic wall
supraspinatus
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Shoulder joint: abduction of arm, stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid cavity
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
infraspinatus
Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Shoulder joint: Arm external rotation;
Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid cavity
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
teres minor
Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Shoulder joint: Arm external rotation, arm adduction;
Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid cavity
Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
teres major
Origins: Inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border of the scapula
Insertions: Intertubercular sulcus (medial lip) of the humerus
Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve (C5-C7)
Function: Extension and internal rotation of the humerus (arm)
deltoid
Origins: Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle (clavicular part), Acromion (acromial part), Spine of Scapula (spinal part)
Mnemonic: ‘Deltoid helps you carry SACS’
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
fucntion:Clavicular part: flexion and internal rotation of the arm,
Acromial part: abduction of the arm beyond the initial 15°
Spinal part: extension and external rotation of the arm.
humerus
bicep brachii
Origin: Short head - Apex of the Coracoid process of the scapula
Long head - Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Mnemonic: ‘You walk Shorter to a street Corner. You ride Longer on a Superhighway’
Insertion: Radial tuberosity of the radius
Deep fascia of forearm (insertion of the bicipital aponeurosis)
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5- C6)
Function: Flexion and supination of the forearm at the elbow joint, weak flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
coracobrachialis
Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion: Anteromedial surface of the humerual shaft
Action: Adduction and flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5- C7)
brachialis
Origin: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Insertion: Coronoid process of the ulna; Tuberosity of ulna
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6); Radial nerve (C7)
function: Strong flexion of forearm at the elbow joint
tricep brachii
Origins:
Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Medial head - posterior surface of the humerus (inferior to radial groove)
Lateral head - posterior surface of the humerus (superior to radial groove)
Insertion Olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
Action Elbow joint: extension of the forearm
Shoulder joint: extension and adduction of the arm (long head)
Innervation Radial nerve (C6-C8)
**brachiradialis **
Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, lateral intermuscular septum of arm
Insertion: (Proximal to) styloid process of radius
Action: Elbow joint: Forearm flexion (when semi pronated)
Innervation: Radial nerve (C5-C6)
**pronator teres **
Origin: Humeral head: medial supracondylar ridge of humerus
Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: Lateral surface of radius (distal to supinator)
Action: Pronation of forearm at the proximal radioulnar joint, flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
Innervation: Median nerve (C6, C7)
flexor carpi radialis
Origin Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion Bases of metacarpal bones 2-3
Action Wrist joint: Wrist flexion, wrist abduction
palmaris longus
Origin Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion Flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
Action Wrist joint: Wrist flexion;
Tenses palmar aponeurosis
Innervation Median nerve (C7, C8)
flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: Proximal half of anterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: Palmar surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Action: Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 2-5: Finger flexion
Innervation: Digits 2-3: Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve);
Digits 4-5: Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
flexor pollicis longus
Origin: Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Palmar surface of distal phalanx of thumb
Action: Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1;
Thumb flexion
Innervation Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve C7, C8)
flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin: Humeroulnar head: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna
Radial head: Proximal half of anterior border of radius
Insertion: Sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Action: Metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints 2-5: Finger flexion
Innervation: Median nerve (C8, T1)
pronator quadratus
Origins Distal anterior surface of ulna
Insertion Distal anterior surface of radius
Actions Radioulnar joints: forearm pronation
Innervation Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve, C7, C8)
extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, lateral intermuscular septum of arm
Insertion: Posterior aspect of base of metacarpal bone 2
Actions: Wrist joints: Hand extension, hand abduction (radial deviation)
Innervation: Radial nerve (C5-C8)
extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
Insertion Posterior aspect of base of metacarpal bone 3
Action Wrist joints: Hand extension, hand abduction (radial deviation)
Innervation Radial nerve (C5- C6)
extensor digitorum
Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)
Insertion Extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Action Metacarpophalangeal / Interphalangeal joints 2-5: Finger extension
Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior border of ulna
Insertion Base of metacarpal bone 5
Action Wrist joint: Hand extension and adduction
Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
anconeus
Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion Lateral surface of olecranon
Action Assists in forearm extension at the elbow joint;
Stabilization of elbow joint
Innervation Radial nerve (C7-C8)
**supinator **
Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament, supinator crest of ulna
Insertion Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius
Action Proximal radioulnar joint: Forearm supination
Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
abductor pollicis longus
Origin: Posterior surface of proximal half of radius, ulna and interosseus membrane
Insertion: Base of metacarpal bone 1, (trapezium bone)
Action: Radiocarpal joint: Hand extension;
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb: Thumb abduction and extension
Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
extensor pollicis brevis
Origin: Posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseus membrane
Insertion: Posterior aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Action: Carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joint 1: Thumb extension
Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)
extensor pollicis longus
Origin Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseus membrane
Insertion Posterior aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
Action Wrist joints: Weak hand extension
Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint of thumb: Thumb extension
extensor indicis
Origin Posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseus membrane
Insertion Extensor expansion of index finger
Action Wrist joints: Weak hand extension
Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of index finger: Finger extension
abductor pollics brevis
Origin Tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium bones, Flexor retinaculum
Insertion Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx 1 (via radial sesamoid bone)
Action Carpometacarpal joint 1: Thumb abduction
Innervation Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
flexor pollicis brevis
Origin Superficial head: Flexor retinaculum, tubercle of trapezium bone
Deep head: Trapezoid and capitate bones
Insertion Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx 1 (via radial sesamoid bone)
Action Carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joint 1: Thumb flexion
Innervation Superficial head: Recurrent branch of median nerve
Deep head: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
abductor digit minimi
Origin Pisiform bone (Pisohamate ligament, Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris)
Insertion Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 5, Extensor expansion of digit 5
Action Metacarpophalangeal joint 5: Finger abduction and flexion;
Interphalangeal joints: Finger extension
Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
flexor digiti minimi brevis
Origin Hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
Insertion Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5
Action Metacarpophalangeal joint 5: Finger flexion (+ finger lateral rotation/opposition)
Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
adductor pollicis
Origin Transverse head: Palmar base of metacarpal bone 3
Oblique head: Capitate bone, palmar bases of metacarpal bones 2 & 3
Insertion Medial base of proximal phalanx 1 (via ulnar sesamoid bone)
Action Carpometacarpal joint 1: Thumb adduction
Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
plamar interossei
Origin Ulnar side of metacarpal bone 2, Radial side of metacarpal bones 4 and 5
Insertion 1: Ulnar base of proximal phalanx/extensor expansion of digit 2
2 & 3: Radial base of proximal phalanges/extensor expansions of digits 4 and 5
Action Metacarpophalangeal joints 2,4 & 5: Finger adduction, Finger flexion;
Interphalangeal joints 2,4 & 5: Finger extension
Mnemonic: PAD DAB (‘Use your hand to dab with a pad’) - Palmar interossei ADduct, Dorsal interossei ABduct
Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
