lecture 2- bones and joints of the upper limb

Question 1

axial skeleton

Answer 1

ossicles, skull, hyoid bone, rib cage, vertebral column

Question 2

appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

shoulder girdle, plevic area, hand, foot, lower limbs

Question 3

bones of the upper limb

Answer 3

clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 4

major joints of the upper limb

Answer 4

sternoclavicular joint
acromioclavicular joint
scapulothracic joint
shoulder joint
elbow joint
proximal and distal radioulnar joint
wrist joint

Question 5

classifications of joints

Answer 5

immovable: synarthroses -skull, pelvic
semi-moveable: amphiarthrosis -intervertebral joints and pubic symphsis
fully moveable: diaorthosis -elbow, hips, knees

Question 6

classification of joints system 2

Answer 6

: by structure
fibrous:
immovable no joint space
structures of the skull
-cartilaginous joints:
band of thick cartilage in the joint space. some movement lots of stability
-synovial joints
have joint capsules containing synovial fluid, supported by ligaments

Question 7

degrees of freedom:

Answer 7

a direction in which an independent motion can occur
3 translational DoF:
a body segment may move or translate:
-foward/back (anterior/posterior)
-up/down (sup/inf)
-left/right (med/lateral)
3 rotational DoFs:
a body may rotate
-about the sagittal axis
-about the frontal axis
-about a transverse axis

Question 8

of DoF:

plane joint
action possible:
DoF:
example:

Answer 8

of DoF: 2

action possible: sliding and gliding
DoF:2
example: foot bones

Question 9

hinge joint

Answer 9

action possible: flexion extension
DoF: 1
example: elbow

Question 10

condyloid joint

DoF:
example:

action possible:

Answer 10

action possible: circumduction
DoF: 2
example: radius and carpal joints

Question 11

saddle joint

action possible:
DoF:
example:

Answer 11

action possible: bones are molded at 90 degrees
DoF: 2
example: carpal

Question 12

pivot joint

action possible:
DoF:
example:

Answer 12

action possible: bones wrap around a surface
DoF: 1
example: C1 and C2 verterbrae

Question 13

ball and socket

action possible:
DoF:
example:

Answer 13

action possible: backward, forward, sideways, and rotating movements
DoF: 3
example: hip joint

Question 14

sternoclavicular joint

bones involved:
motions possible:
type of joint:

Answer 14

bones involved: clavicle/ sternum
motions possible: elevation/ depression
protraction/retraction
axial rotation
type of joint: saddle

Question 15

acromioclavicular joint

bones involved:
motions possible:
type of joint:

Answer 15

bones involved: clavicula, scapula
motions possible: slidling and gildling
type of joint:plane

Question 16

scapularthoracic joint

bones involved:
motions possible:
type of joint:

Answer 16

bones involved: scapula, throastic wall
motions possible: slide+ glide
type of joint:plane

Question 17

glenohumeral joint

bones involved:
motions possible:
type of joint:

Answer 17

bones involved: humerus, scapula
motions possible: circualr, flexion/extension, AB and AD duction, med/lateral rotation
type of joint:ball and socket

Question 18

elbow joint

bones involved:
motions possible:
type of joint:

Answer 18

bones involved: humerus, radius
motions possible: felxion/extension
type of joint:hinge joint

Question 19

wrist joint

bones involved:
motions possible:
type of joint:

Answer 19

bones involved: radius, carpal
motions possible: flextion/extension, abduction,adduction
type of joint:condyloid joint

Question 20

joint stability

Answer 20

refers to the resistance to motion that joint is able to provide

Question 21

joint mobility

Answer 21

is the amount of movement that a joint is capable of moving through before being restiricted by surrounding tissues

Question 22

what factors may limit joint mobiliy

Answer 22

1. bony structure
   2.joint capsule/ ligaments
   3.muscualr restraints
   4.limitations casued by other tissues

Question 23

factors affecting joint stability

Answer 23

1. boney structures
2. ligaments/joint capsules
3. muscualr restraints