lecture 4- muscle structure and scapular control

Question 1

different types of muscle tissue

Answer 1

cardiac, skeletal, smooth

Question 2

how does a muscle attach to a bone

Answer 2

tendon- deep fascia- skeletal muscle- epimysium-( artery, vein, nerve, perimysium)-fascicle, endomysium, muscle fiber

Question 3

label a fascicle

Answer 3

Question 4

label a muscle fiber

Answer 4

Question 5

first class lever system

Answer 5

flexion in the head and weight on the face, extension on the neck

Question 6

second class lever system

Answer 6

force is the ground, extension in the calf muscle, lever in the foot (ankle)

Question 7

third class lever system

Answer 7

force is the elbow (point of rotation), muscle bicep is extending, lever system is the external load

Question 8

torque

Answer 8

is the force applied x movement arm

Question 9

skeletal muscle fiber organization

Answer 9

muscle fibers are ordered in fascicles within a muscle but there are only 4 different patterns of fascicle arrangements
circular
parallel
convergent
pennate

Question 10

Answer 10

fusiform, unipennate, multipennate

Question 11

actions of skeletal muscles

Answer 11

agonist (mover)-prodcues a specific movement when it contracts. ex. bicep brachii is an agonist that causes flexion of the elbow joint

Question 12

antagonist

Answer 12

muscle who’s action opposes that of an agonist. the tricep brachii would be antagonist of the bicep brachii

Question 13

syngerist

Answer 13

is a muscle that assists the agonist or prime mover

Question 14

isometric contraction

Answer 14

muscle contracts but doe snot shorten. restricting

Question 15

concentric contraction

Answer 15

tightening, shortening or lengthen during activity

Question 16

eccentric contraction

Answer 16

act against a pull. muscle is producing force while lengthening. controlling rate of motion

Question 17

scapular control

Answer 17

scapulohumeral rhythm
the combined movement of the scapula and humerus

Question 18

scapular control: musculature

Answer 18

stabilizer= pectular minor

Question 19

scapular control: innervation

Answer 19

long thoracic nerve
integrates serratus anterior
-damaged by traction on neck or shoulder or blunt trauma
causes paralysis of serratus anterior

Question 20

Shoulder pain

Answer 20

Question 21

nerve entrapment

Answer 21

nerve passes through scapular notch and supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
-most commonly caused by extremes of scapular motion associated with throwing actions
-causes poorly localized pain and muscular weakness