lecture 13- the spine

Question 1

Answer 1

7 cervicle
12 thoratic
5 lumbar
5 sarcal
coccyx

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

articulation
type
movements

Answer 6

atlanto occipital joint
articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone
pair of joints
type; synovial
subtype: condyloid
movements:
felxion and extension
10-15 degrees
slight lateral motion

Question 7

articulation
type
movements

Answer 7

atlantoaxial joint
articualtion between the atlas (c1 and the axis c2)
type synovial
sub-type: pivot
movements:
rotation of the head 50 degrees- NP 10 degrees of flexion and extension

Question 8

articulation
type
movements

Answer 8

aka- luschkas joint
artulations between vertebral body of C3-c7 and the uncinate process
type: synovial& cartilaginous
movement: flexion & extension
some rotation

Question 9

special joints on the thoracici vertebrae

Answer 9

costoverbral joints: articulation betwene the ehad of the rib and the body of the thoratic vertebrae
Costotransverse joint: Articulation between
the tubercle of the rib with the transverse
process of the thoracic vertebrae.
* Synovial Plane joints.
* Allow a small degree of gliding to move the
ribs superiorly and posteriorly, to increase
the volume of the rib cage.

Question 10

zygapophyseal facet joint

Answer 10

artulation between the inferior articualtiong facet of the superior vertebrae to the superior articualting facet pf the inferior vertebrae
type: synovial
movements: gudie and limits movement of the segments of the spinal column
prevents hyper-extension, hyperflexion and herniation of intervertebral discs

Question 11

Answer 11

Intervertebral Joint
Articulation between adjacent vertebral
bodies
Type
Cartilaginous
Movement
Minimal/slight movement

Question 12

Answer 12

Lumbrosacral Joint
Articulation between L5 and the first segment of the Sacrum S1
L5-S1
Type: Cartilaginous- Symphysis
Movement: slight
movement

Question 13

Answer 13

sacroiliac joint Articulation between the
coxal bone and the
sacrum
Type:
Synovial- Plane- Children
Cartilaginous- Adult
Movement:
Very Slight Movement

Question 15

intervertbral disks
second name
type
what is does

Answer 15

AKA- Intervertebral Cartilage
Cartilaginous Joints
Each disc consists of an outer annulus fibrosus
(several layers of fibrocartilage) and an inner
nucleus pulposes (loose fibers suspended in a
mucoprotein gel )
Shock Absorber:
Pressure distributed evenly across disc

Question 16

Answer 16

intervertbral disk

Question 17

spine rom

Answer 17

flexion 40-60 degrees
extension 20-35 degrees
lateral 15-20 degrees
rotation 3 -18 degrees

Question 18

Answer 18

herniated disc
compresssed nerve root on spinal canal

Question 19

born with what shaped spine

Answer 19

kyphotic C-shaped spine

Question 20

spine grows into the shape

Answer 20

s- shapes
each curvature has 20-40 degrees in the cervicle spine
20-40 degrees in the T spine
30-50 degrees in the L spine

Question 21

development of spinal curvature
lordotic curve
kyphotic curve
lordotic curve
aka sacral kyphotic cruve0 convex

Answer 21

lordotic curve = concave delipoment occurs when infinants lift their head
kyphotic curve= convex developemtn occurs during fetal development
lordotic curve- when infant learnes to walk
aka sacral kyphotic cruve convex= fetal development

Question 22

ligamnet
connects
angle ability
function

Answer 22

cruciate ligamnet
transverse ligamnet on atlas strongest part of curciate lig
vertical fibers attach to occipital bone and to body of axis
holds dens in place against atlas

Question 23

ligamnet
connects
angle ability
function

Answer 23

Interspinous
ligament
Connects
adjacent posterior
spines
Large angle of
obliquity
Function?
Limit flexion
Helps facet
joints stay in
contact

Question 24

ligamnet
connects
angle ability
fucntion

Answer 24

ligamnetum flava
Connects laminae
of vertebrae
80% elastin, 20% collagen
Function?
Limits flexion
Highly elastic
Elastin prevents
buckling into the spinal
canal during extension

Question 25

ligamnet
connects
angle ability
function

Answer 25

anterior and posterior longitdunal lig
ribbon like attachments
attach at vertbral bodies and annulus
anterior resists excessive extension
posterior resists excessive flexion

Question 26

ligamnet
connects
angle ability
function

Answer 26

surpaspinous lig
connects tips pf spinous processes
resissts excessive flexion

Question 27

what is the common theme between small angle of insertion

Answer 27

rotatry compinent
compressvie component

Question 28

muscles of the erector spine
-fucntion

Answer 28

spinalis
extends vertebral column
longissimus
extends and laterally flexes vertebral collumn
illocostalis
extends and laterally flexes vertbral column

Question 30

iliocostalils & longissimus
thoracic portion
twitch fibers
line of action
greatest mechanical advantage

Answer 30

thoratic portion
75% slow twitch fibers
line of action parelle to spine
greatest mechanical advantage for extension

Question 31

illocostalis and longissimus
fibers
lumbar portion
line of action
function
note

Answer 31

even mixed lsow and fast twitch fibers
line of action oblique
creates posterior shear forces aganist anterior shear forces during flexion
note: oblique line is lost during flexion caused by posterior hip rotation

Question 32

Answer 32

netural lumbar spine vs flexed lumbar spine
netrual-
resistance to anterior shear forces provides acceptable levels of compression
no resistance to naterior shear forces provides excessive levesls of compression

Question 33

muscles of the abdominal wall

when is it activated
chnage in length
fucntion

Answer 33

quadratus lumborum
activated during flexion, lateral flexion and extension
hardly any chnage in length during spine movements
stabilizer