upper GIT Flashcards
how is LOS opened in stage 1 -pharyngeal phase of swallowing
vasovagal reflex- receptive relaxation reflex
peristaltic wave pressure
40mmHg
LOS resting pressure
20mmHg
pressureof LOS during receptive relaxation
under 5mmHg
what is motility and it’s measurement
The co-ordination of contraction and dilation of the muscles of the GI tract.
pressure measurement (manometry)
how is motility mediated
Mediated by inhibitory noncholinergic nonadrenergic (NCNA) neurons of myenteric plexus, these inhibit the contraction of oesophagus muscle
difference between regurgitation and reflux
regurg
return of oesophageal contents from above an obstruction
reflux
passive return of gastroduodenal contents to the mouth
hypermotility -achalasia what is it due to and cause
loss of gangion cells in aurebach’s myeteric plexus in LOS wall
primary=unknown
secondary- disease like chagas’ disease/oesophagitis
treatment for hypomotility (scleroderma)
1.remove obstruction
2.prokinetics (ie. cisapride)- improves force of peristalsis
once peristaltic failure occurs-usually irreversible
disordered coordination- corkscrew oesophagus
treatment
pneumatic dilation but not as effective
disordered coordination- corkscrew oesophagus
diagnosis and pressure
barium swallow
400-500nnHg
disordered coordination- corkscrew oesophagus- symptoms and what happens to the circular muscle
dysphagia and chest pain
hypertrophy of circular muscle
3 pathological cause of narrowing of oesophagus and what it cause
cancer
FB
Physiological dysfunction
oesophageal perforation
boerhaave’s cause and it’s weak point
Sudden ↑ in intra-oesophageal pressure with negative intra thoracic pressure
Vomiting against a closed glottis
Left posterolateral aspect of the distal oesophagus
FB - example and issue it cause
batteries- cause electrical burns in mucosa
