Cortical Motor Control

Question 1

Vestibulospinal

Answer 1

Stabilising head during body movement.
Coordinate head with eye movement

Question 2

Reticulospinal

Answer 2

Changes muscle tone in voluntary movement

Question 3

Tectospinal

Answer 3

Orientation of head and neck during eye movement

Question 4

Rubrospinal

Answer 4

Mainly taken over by corticospinal tract

Question 5

What is motor neurone disease

Answer 5

Progressive neurodegenerative disorder of motor system

Aka amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

upper and lower motor neurone signs

Question 6

What is apraxia

Answer 6

Disorder of skilled movement

Lesion in premotor cortex and SMA

Cause- dementia and stroke

Question 7

Caudate nucleus function

Answer 7

Decision to move

Question 8

What is lentiform

Answer 8

Putamen and external globus pallidus

Question 9

What is caudate and putamen

Answer 9

Striatum

Question 10

Function of lentiform and striatum

Answer 10

Elaborating associated movement like swinging arms when walking

Question 11

Function of substantia nigra (midbrain)

Answer 11

Suppressing unwanted movement

Question 12

What part of basal ganglia help perform movements in order

Answer 12

Ventral pallidum, nucleus basalis

Question 13

Parkinson’s symptoms

Answer 13

Bradykinesia
Hypomimia
Akinesia
Rigidity
Pill-rolling tremor

Question 14

Parkinson’s disease definition

Answer 14

Degeneration of dopaminergic neuron that originates in substantia nigra and projects to striatum

Question 15

Bradykinesia

Answer 15

Slow movement

Question 16

Hypomimic

Answer 16

Expressionless

Question 17

Akinesia

Answer 17

Difficult initiating movement

Question 18

Huntington’s disease definition

Answer 18

Degreneration of GABAergic neurons in striatum, caudate and then putamen

Question 19

Huntington’s disease symptoms

Answer 19

Choreic movement,
Jerky involuntary movement,
Speech impairment,
Difficulty swallowing,
Unsteady gait,
Later stages- dementia

Question 20

Ballism

Answer 20

Usually from stroke affecting subthalamic nucleus, sudden uncontrolled flinging contralaterally

Question 21

Cerebellum function

Answer 21

Coordinate and predictor of movement

Question 22

Main signs of cerebellar dysfunction (apparent only on movement)

Answer 22

Ataxia
Dysmetria
Intention tremor
Dysdiadochokinesia
Scanning speech

Question 23

Ataxia

Answer 23

Impair movement coordination and accuracy,

Wide base (drunken) gait

Question 24

Dysmetria

Answer 24

Inappropriate force and distance for movement

Question 25

Intention tremor

Answer 25

Tremor worsen before reaching target

Question 26

Dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 26

Inability to perform rapid alternating movement

Question 27

Vestibulocerebellum

Answer 27

Posture, equilibrium, gait Coordination of head movement with eye movement. Damage(tumor) here cause syndrome similar to vestibular disease -gait ataxia + tendency to fall

Question 28

Spinocerebellum

Answer 28

Speech, muscle tone, limb movement Damage here(degeneration/atrophy from alcohol) Abnormal gait and wide stance

Question 29

Cerebrocerebellum

Answer 29

Skilled movements, cognitive function, attention, processing language, emotional control Damage here affects arm, skilled movement (tremor and speech)

Question 30

what can you do to make the reflex larger and the name of this manoeuvre

Answer 30

clenching teeth, making fist, pulling against locked fingers jendrassik manoeuvre