Neuro-cortical Organisation+function Flashcards
MS symptoms
Blurred vision, fatigue, difficulty walking, numbness (paraesthesia) in body, muscle stiffness
what is a M-wave AND how is it recorded
activated motor axon-> AP travel down nerve causing muscle contraction (twitch)
Electromyography (EMG)
what is a H-reflex
activates sensory axon - reflex activation of muscle
what is F-wave
large electrical stimulus- activates motor axon to conduct antidromically
not a reflex
name for
travelling in the normal direction in a nerve fibre
vs
travelling in the opposite direction to that normal in a nerve fibre
normal- orthodromic
opposite- antidromic
what is motor evoked potential (MEP)
TMS- transcranial magnetic stimulation- activates upper motor neurons.
AP along upper + lower motor neurones causing muscle contraction
how to calculate Peripheral motor conduction time (PMCT) –
PMCT = (M latency + F latency-1) /2
-1 =approx time for AP arriving at lower motor neuron cell body to turn around
what is Central motor conduction time (CMCT)
TMCT - PMCT
TMCT=MEP
How do we know MS is a CNS problem
brain stimulation- long MEP- issue in upper/lower motor neurone
Peripheral stimulation- normal F wave- no issue with lower motor neuron
Positron emission tomography (PET)
blood flow directly to a brain region
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
amount of blood oxygen in a brain region
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Measures electrical signals produces by the brain
Magnetoencephalography – (MEG)
Measures magnetic signals produces by the brain
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
assessthefunctionalintegrity of neural circuits
Uses electromagnetic induction to stimulate neurons
ie. neural interactions controlling movement after spinal cord injury
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
Uses low direct current over the scalp to increase or decrease neuronal firing rates
