Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Diagnostic Imaging 3 > upper GI physiology > Flashcards

upper GI physiology Flashcards

1
Q

nerve supply

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • 1 pair of cranial nerves (vagus- 10th cranial nerve)
  • supplies GI tract
  • increases muscle activity (peristalsis) via myenteric plexus and increases glandular secretions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arise from thoracic and lumbar regions

- decreases muscle activity and glandular secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 functions of GI tract

A

ingestion, propulsion, digestion, absorption, elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ingestion

A

intake of food into the gi tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

propulsion

A

contents are mixed and moved along the gi tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

digestion

A

a process which breaks down food into simpler constituents

can be mechanical or chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

absorption

A

products of digestion pass through the walls of the GI tract, into the blood and lymph to be used by body cells
- via active transport or passive diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

elimination

A

food which cannot be digested is removed from the body via faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mechanical digestion

A
  • mastication - chewing
  • physically breaking down food
  • increases surface area, allowing more exposure to enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

chemical digesetion

A

food is broken down into small molecules by chemical enzymes excreted in the different parts of the GI tract
- enzymes are specific to the type of food molecule they are digesting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

oral cavity physiological processes

A
  • ingestion

- mechanical and chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

oral cavity teeth

A
  • different shapes according to function

- cutting and chewing/ grinding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

oral cavity tongue

A
  • chewing - mixing food with saliva

- swallowing (deglutition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

parotid glands

A
  • located on either side of the face just below the EAM

- ducts open into the mouth at the level of the second upper molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

submandibular glands

A
  • located on either side of face under the angle of the mandible
  • duct opens into mouth either side of the frenulum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sublingual glands

A
  • lie under the mucus membrane of the floor of the mouth
  • located In front of the submandibular glands
  • numerous small duct open into the floor of the mouth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

saliva

A

released via the parasympathetic nervous system

- reflex secretion - sight or smell or food

20
Q

saliva consists of

A

water, mineral salts, antimicrobial substances, mucus

21
Q

functions of saliva chemical digestion

A
  • amylase will start to break down complex sugars
  • this continues during swallowing
  • action of amylase is degraded b strong acidic acid in stomach
22
Q

functions of saliva - lubrication of food

A
  • dry food can be moistened to be formed into a bolus for swallowing
23
Q

function of saliva- cleaning and lubrication

A
  • keeps mouth supple, prevents damage from abrasive food
24
Q

function is saliva - non-specific defence

A
  • antibodies and lysozymes deal with invading microbes
25
Q

function of saliva

A

moistens dry food, to stimulate taste buds- chemical reaction

26
Q

Deglutition- oral phase

A
  • voluntary muscles of the tongue and cheeks push bolus backwards into pharynx
27
Q

deglutition-pharyngeal phase

A
  • reflex action
  • propels food bolus into the oesophagus
  • soft palate rises up closes nasopharynx
  • tongue and pharyngeal fold block mouth
  • larynx lifts up and forward, so opening is occluded by epiglottis - protecting the trachea
28
Q

deglutition - oesophageal phase

A
  • presence of bolus stimulates perstalsis
  • bolus moves from oesophagus towards stomach
  • lower oesophageal sphincter relaxes to allow bolus into stomach
29
Q

peristalsis

A
  • controlled via parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
  • occurs from oesophagus onwards
  • contraction of smooth muscle behind bolus pushes it forward
  • lubricated by mucus - reduces damage to mucosa by food
30
Q

stomach 3 layers of muscle fibres function

A
  • assist with churning/mixing/peristalsis

- propulsion and mechanical digestion

31
Q

stomach mucosal layer function

A
  • allow stomach to expand/contract
  • consists of rugae
  • increase surface area - for secretion of gastric juice and enteroendocrine
    products
  • lubricated by mucus
32
Q

the stomach

A

food is liquified into chyme

- chyme passes through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum in short bursts

33
Q

functions of the stomach

A
  • chemical and mechanical digestion
  • limited absorption
  • preparation of iron absorption
  • production and secretion of intrinsic factor needed to absorb B12
34
Q

gastric juice 3 phases of secretion

A
  • cephalic
  • gastric
  • intestinal
35
Q

cephalic phase

A
  • flow starts before food reaches stomach

- stimulated by reflex stimulation of parasympathetic nerves - sight / smell of food

36
Q

gastric phase

A

stimulated by presence of food

enteroendocrine and duodenal secrete gastrin into the bloodn- stimulates gastric glands to produce more juice

37
Q

intestinal phase

A

chyme reaches duodenum and triggers production of secretin and cholecystokinin
- these reduce secretion of gastric juice and reduce gastric motility, slowing stomach emptying

38
Q

gastric juice consists of

A
  • water
  • mineral salts
  • mucus
  • hydrochloric acid
  • inactive enzyme precursors
39
Q

gastric juice functions

A
  • liquifies food
  • acidifies process/ stops action of amylase
  • kills digested microbes
  • digestion to proteins
40
Q

the pancreas

A
  • the exocrine pancreas produces pancreatic juice

- stimulated by presence of chyme in the duodenum

41
Q

the pancreas consists of

A

water
mineral salts
specific enzymes
inactive enzyme precursors

42
Q

pancreatic juice function

A
  • digestion of proteins
  • digestion of carbohydrates
  • digestion of fats
43
Q

bile consists of

A
  • water
  • mineral salts
  • mucus
  • bile salts
  • bile pigments
  • cholesterol
44
Q

bile function

A
  • emulsification of fats
  • making cholesterol and fatty acids soluble
  • excretion of bilirubin
45
Q

secretion of bile and pancreatic juice

A
  • duodenum secretes secretin and cholecystokinin - which stimulates the contraction of the gall bladder and relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter
46
Q

bile and pancreatic juice are expelled via…

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Diagnostic Imaging 3 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions