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Diagnostic Imaging 3 > GU imaging > Flashcards

GU imaging Flashcards

1
Q

common indications to image the renal tract

A
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2
Q

categories for renal tract symptoms

A
  • pain in lumbar region when micturating
  • changes to urine and flow of urine
  • palpable lump
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3
Q

what is visible on a KUB

A
  • kidney size, location and morphology
  • calcifications
  • potential pathologies/ incidental findings
  • spinal disease
  • Metastases
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4
Q

common clinical indications x-ray

A
  • Haematuria (macroscopic {can be seen} or microscopic [only seen under microscope})
  • ? stones
  • post surgery (stents)
  • loin pain
  • dysuria
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5
Q

intravenous urogram (IVU) common indications

A
  • renal colic
  • haematuria
  • recurrent UTI
  • Suspected urinary tract pathology
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6
Q

potential findings on x-ray

A
  • duplex kidney

- horseshoe kidney

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7
Q

benefits and uses of ultrasound

A

effective in evaluating:

  • renal size
  • masses
  • renal obstruction
  • bladder residual volumes
  • function of vessels using doppler
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8
Q

disadvantages of ultrasound

A
  • cant be used for air related studies
  • can be nonspecific - can see abnormality, but what it is may be difficult
  • non replicable - images wont look the same if redone
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9
Q

ultrasound common indications

A
  • renal mass
  • rena; cysts
  • infections
  • UTI
  • haematuria
  • obstruction
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10
Q

ultrasound patient prep

A
  • patient needs full bladder (1hr b4 scan start drinking water 500-1000mls
  • patient shouldn’t empty the bladder b4 examination
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11
Q

renal ultrasound technique - kidneys (which transducer is used?)

A

3-7 MHz curvilinear transducer - more frequency and high penetration

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12
Q

Renal ultrasound technique

A
  • scanned in supine longitudinally
  • in oblique coronal plane
  • A transverse view is included, so all aspects are visualised
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13
Q

for renal ultrasound paeds are scanned…

A

in prone postion

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14
Q

US guided biopsy - after care

A
  • patient is advised not to drive
  • no heavy lifting or strenuous exercise
  • pain killers are allowed to be taken, however not aspirin
  • Attend emergency department if they experience severe back pain, blood/clots in the urine or feel faint
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15
Q

CT renal imaging

A 
renal stone
tumours
perineal collection
loin mass
staging and follow up of renal carcinomas
CT angiography - renal arteries
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16
Q

CT KUB allows detection of

A

ureteral wall oedema
perinephric oedema
hydronephrosis
renal sinus infiltration

17
Q

CT IVU Technique

A
  • patient is supine
  • scanogram is done
  • initial scan is non-contrast
  • patient is injected with 70 MLS of contrast at 2-4mls/s
  • 10 minutes after contrast injection, another 30mls is injected and 1mm slices are taken from the top of the kidneys to the base of the bladder
18
Q

renal mass imaging

A
  • patient is supine
  • scanogram is done
  • non-enhanced scan from diaphragm to lower poles of kidneys
  • patient is injected with ‘low osmolar contrast’
  • contrast-enhanced scan is taken. 30 second
19
Q

other renal scans

A
  • scanning for trauma

- penetrating wounds

20
Q

renal trauma scan

A
  • patient is supine
  • ABDO-PELVIS CT
  • scanogram - from diaphragm - symphysis pubis
  • 100 mls of IV contrast 2-4mls/s
  • 60 -70 sec delay
21
Q

CT Guided biopsy patient prep

A

bloods- eGFR, INR

  • written consent
  • contrast enhanced CT prior to biopsy
  • site entry and trajectory is then planned using previous CT
  • patient position is dependant on mass location
22
Q

CT Biopsy technique

A
  • patient positioned onto table
  • unenhanced scan 5-7mm slice thickness through kidneys
  • the slice depicting the mass is selected
  • limited scan through the mass is repeated
  • needle entry point is determined
23
Q

CT biopsy technique (during)

A
  • local anaesthetic is administered
  • angle of approach is determined
  • needle is then advanced
  • sample is acquired and processed
  • the sample is rolled onto a saline soaked gauze
  • is then assessed for glomeruli
  • then placed into formalin saline solution
24
Q

CT Biopsy patient aftercare

A
  • patient needs to stay flat on back for 6 hrs

- close monitoring is done

25
Q

CT biopsy potential complications

A
  • could induce further bleeding in the renal system
  • pain
  • could induce sepsis
  • tumour seeding (breaking up tumour - could induce it to another area if dropped in body)
26
Q

MRI in GU imaging

A
  • not commonly used as 1st choice
  • used in prostatic and endometrial imaging
  • renal masses
  • urinary tract obstruction
  • congenital anomalies
  • visualisation of renal arteries
27
Q

MRI prep

A
  • safety questionnaire
  • contrast check
  • consent
28
Q

mri technique

A
  • T2 weighted sequence used ( good for fluid filled structures) e.g. renal cysts
  • T1 shows tumours well with gadalinium enhancement

Diagnostic Imaging 3 (18 decks)

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