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Diagnostic Imaging 3 > GU anatomy > Flashcards

GU anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

structures of the urinary system

A

2 kidneys, Ureters, 1 urinary , 1 urethra

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2
Q

appearance of the kidneys

A
  • The kidneys are ‘ bean-shaped’
  • The kidneys extend from T12-L3
  • The right kidney is lower than the left, due to the liver sitting superior to it - They are Retroperitoneal – outside/behind the peritoneum
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3
Q

3 supportive tissue layers that surround the kidney

A
  • Fibrous capsule
  • Peri-renal fat capsule
  • Renal fascia
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4
Q

Fibrous capsule of kidney

A

Is a transparent layer that covers the outer surface of the kidney. It helps to support kidney mass and protects the vital tissue from injury/infection.

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5
Q

Peri-renal fat capsule of kidney

A

Attaches the kidney to the posterior body

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6
Q

Renal fascia of the kidney

A
  • An outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue

- Anchors the kidney and the adrenal glands to surrounding structures

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7
Q

Kidney internal structures

A 
cortex 
Medulla
medullary (renal) pyramids
renal columns
renal pelvis
hilum
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8
Q

Cortex of kidney

A
  • Reddish-brown tissue layer, located immediately below the outer fibrous capsule
  • It also surrounds the renal pyramids in the medulla
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9
Q

medulla of kidney

A

is the innermost layer comprised of renal pyramids

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10
Q

Appearance of Medulla

A
  • striped appearance- due to being made of parallel budnles of microscopic collecting tubules and capillaries
  • each pyramid constitutes a lobe of the kidney
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11
Q

Renal columns

A
  • Separates the pyramids
  • ## they are an extension of the cortex
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12
Q

Renal pelvis

A
  • Funnel shaped tube
  • continuous with the ureter
  • extensions of the renal pelvis branch into major and minor calyces
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13
Q

renal pelvis (calyces)

A
  • collect urine, which drain from the papilla and empties into the renal pelvis
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14
Q

Hilum of Kidneys

A
  • concave medial border of the kidney where the renal blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerve enter and leave
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15
Q

VUJ abbreviation

A

Vesico-ureteric junction

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16
Q

Kidney Blood Supply: Arterial

A
  • Aorta
  • Renal artery
  • 5 segmental arteries
  • lobar arteries
  • interlobar arteries
  • arcuate arteries
  • cortical radiate arteries (interlobular arteries)
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17
Q

Kidney blood supply: Venous

A
  • interlobular veins
  • arcuate veins
  • interlobar veins
  • renal vein
  • IVC
18
Q

kidney nerve supply: renal plexus

A
  • A network of the autonomic nervous system
  • Arises from the celiac plexus
  • surrounds the renal artery
  • Accompanies the …..into the kidney which it innervates (supply a body part with nerves)
19
Q

position of the ureters

A
  • From the renal pelvis (level of L2)
  • lies behind the peritoneum
  • enters the posterior bladder wall
20
Q

Structure of ureters

A

they are tri-layered

  • inner layer- made of transitional epithelium
  • middle layer consists of smooth muscle for persistalsis
  • outer layer - made of fibrous connective tissue
21
Q

function of ureters

A
  • transports urine

- bladder pressure prevents backflow…..

22
Q

structure of the urinary bladder

A
  • 12cm long
  • holds 500 mls
  • thin walled and muscular- smooth
  • lined with epithelium
  • rugae
  • retroperitoneal
  • interior openings - into the ‘trigone’ of the bladder
23
Q

urinary bladder 3 layers of wall

A
  • inner layer - muscosa
  • middle layer - muscularis (detrusor muscle)
  • outer layer - Adventita
24
Q

Urethra

A

extends from the neck of the bladder to external

25
Q

bladder meets the urethra

A
  • internal urethral sphincter
  • thickening of muscle
  • involuntary sphincter
26
Q

involuntary sphincter

A

keeps the urethra closed

prevents leakage of urine

27
Q

Urethra: passing through the pelvic floor

A
  • external urethral sphincter
  • skeletal muscle
  • Voluntary control
28
Q

Urethra differences in males and females

A

Males - is substantially longer (20cm) and has 3 regions (prostatic urethra, membranous urethra and the spongy/penile urethra

females - 3-4cm in length

29
Q

Nephron - functions

A
  • filters the blood
  • Balances water and electrolytes in the body
  • produces urine containing metabolic waste products ……
30
Q

types of Nephron

A

cortical and juxtamedullary

31
Q

cortical nephron

A
  • 85% of nephrons in kidney
  • Located entirely in the cortex
  • LoH (loop of Henle) ‘dips’ into medulla
32
Q

juxtamedullary nephrons

A
  • originate close to cortex/medulla junction

- LoH descends into the medulla portion of the kidney

33
Q

component parts of the Nephron

A
  • Glomerular/Bowmans capsule (glomerulus)
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Loop of Henle ( Descending and Ascending limbs)
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • collecting ducts
34
Q

Glomerular/Bowmans capsule

A
  • located at the end of the renal tubule
  • cup shaped
  • encloses the glomerulus
35
Q

Glomerulus

A
  • a tuft (a network of blood vessels) of capillaries, which bring unfiltered blood in to be filtered.
  • Arises from arterial blood supply, which enter the kidney via the renal artery
36
Q

parietal layer of Glomerular/Bowmans capsule

A

simple squamous epithelium - a single layer of flat scale-shaped cells

37
Q

inner layer of Glomerular/Bowmans capsule

A
  • This layer lines the capsule

- composed of podocytes…..

38
Q

Gomerulus - afferent arterioles

A

These being blood to the Nephron …..

39
Q

Glomerulus - efferent arterioles

A

these take blood away from the nephron ….

40
Q

The Nephron - capillary beds and renal processes

A

Diagnostic Imaging 3 (18 decks)

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