Upper GI

Question 1

Normal type of epithelium in oesophagus

Answer 1

squamous epihthelium

Question 2

epithelium in barrett’s oesophagus

Answer 2

columnar

Question 3

Barrett’s oesophagus is a precursor to…

Answer 3

oesophageal adenocarcinoma

Question 4

For non-dysplastic Barrett’s oesophagus with intestinal metaplasia or any Barrett’s oesophagus >3 cm in length, treat GORD symptoms and perform endoscopic surveillance every

Answer 4

3-5 years

Question 5

left SCF node

Answer 5

Virchow’s node

Question 6

Offer urgent direct access upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (to be performed within 2 weeks) to assess for oesophageal cancer in people:

with dysphagia or
aged 55 and over with weight loss and any of the following:

Answer 6

upper abdominal pain
reflux
dyspepsia.

Question 7

Components of the consent process

Answer 7

Purpose
Risk
Alternatives 
Sedation 
Contraindications
Capacity

Question 8

2 Week wait symptoms

Answer 8

Dysphagia	combined	with	one	or	more	of	the	alarming	
symptoms:	
1. Weight	loss	
2. Anaemia	
3. Anorexia	
4. Persistent	vomi3ng	
• Dyspepsia	at	any	age	combined	with	any	of	the	following	
symptoms:	
1. Weight	loss		
2. Anaemia	
3. Anorexia

Question 9

Three reasons someone might have a fungal infection in their oesophagus

Answer 9

inhaled steroids
anti rejection drugs
HIV

Question 10

What do ECL cells secrete

Answer 10

Histamine, stimulate parietal cells

Question 11

What stimulates parietal cells?

Answer 11

Gastrin from G cells, histamine from ECL cells and ACh from nervous system

Question 12

Negative feedback of high acid levels in stomach

Answer 12

D cells makes somatostatin which decreases the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system