AAA

Question 1

First line imaging of suspected AAA

Answer 1

Abdominal ultrasound

Question 2

Always suspect ruptured AAA in men older than 60 years with first presentation of

Answer 2

Renal colic

Question 3

In patients with GI bleeding and past history of aortic surgery, suspect … until proven otherwise

Answer 3

aorto-enteric fistula

Question 4

Blood samples to take in major haemorrhage

Answer 4

FBC, PT, APPT, Ca2+, Fibrinogen, LFT, U&E, Crossmatch

Question 5

Emergency unmatched blood to use

Answer 5

O RhD neg - always have to take blood sample for cross match before giving, as it would make it impossible to tell blood type.

Question 6

Aim for fibrinogen level in Major Hem

Answer 6

more than 1.5g/L

Question 7

Aim for PT and APPT ratio in Major Hem

Answer 7

Less than 1.5

Question 8

Aim for Hb and platelets in Major Hem

Answer 8

Hb 80-100 and Platelets above 75

Question 9

Complication of Hem treatment

Answer 9

Thrombosis risk once stable - give thromboprophylaxis

Question 10

What four clinical signs do you exclude at the start of a vascular exam?

Answer 10

Anaemia, jaundice, cyanosis and clubbing

Question 11

System for chronic ischaemia classification

Answer 11

fontaine I-IV

Question 12

Amaurosis

Answer 12

Ipsilateral temporary blindness in the eye due to carotid athroma

Question 13

Indication for carotid surgery

Answer 13

Over 70% stenosis ICA, 2 year life ecpectancy and fit for surgery

Question 14

NNT symptomatic NNT asymptomatic for carotid intervention

Answer 14

15 and 15 respectively

Question 15

Definition of aneurysm

Answer 15

Greater than 50% of its transverse diameter

Question 16

What is a saccular aneurysm?

Answer 16

Not symmetrical

Question 17

Ectasia aneurysm

Answer 17

Less than 3.5cm, Small <4.5, Large 5.5

Question 18

AAA size for intervention

Answer 18

over 5.5cm based on risk balance

Question 19

What are teh four types of shock?

Answer 19

Hypovolaemic
Distributive (vasodialation)
Cardiogenic
Disruptive

Question 20

Two examples of adenosine diphosphate drugs

Answer 20

Clopidogrel and ticlopidine

Question 21

Six Ps for acute limb Ischemia

Answer 21

pale
pulseless
painful
paralysed
paraesthetic
'perishing with cold'

Question 22

ABPI classifications

Answer 22

Normal - 1
Claudication 0.6-0.9
Rest Pain - 0.3-0.6
Impending less than 0.3

Question 23

What do you need to measure when transfusing over 3 units of blood over a short time>

Answer 23

platelet count 
Prothrombin time 
Activated partial thromboplastin time 
Plasma calcium - hypocalcaemia 
Plasma potassium - hyperkalaemia