Upper GI Flashcards
What is the time scale for something to be classed as chronic?
3 months
Itis =
Inflammation
Define chronic gastritis
Ongoing inflammation of the stomach mucosa
Inflammation of the stomach mucosa can…
Make you more vulnerable to other diseases (carcinoma/dysplasia)
Compare to acute gastritis symptoms of chronic gastritis are less ______ but more _______
Severe
Persistent
Upper abdo pain Indegestion/bloating Socially uncomfortable sounds N&V Loss of appetite/weight loss Are symptoms of...
Chronic gastritis
Causes of chronic gastritis are… (ABCO)
Autoimmune diseases
Bacterial (H Pylori)
Chemical
Other = stress
H Pylori is gram…
-
How does H Pylori survive in the bowel? (2)
- By penetrating the surface and ‘hiding’ in the mucosa.
- Produces urease
* will not live on surface because it will die due to o2 supply*
How is H Pylori (probably) acquired?
Faecal-oral route
80% of H Pylori is
Asymptomatic
5-10% of H Pylori causes
Peptic ulcer disease
H Pylori can affect any part of the main body of the stomach
True
False
True
What are the 2 most common causes of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?
H Pylori
NSAIDs
If pain comes 2hrs after eating this would indicate that the ulcer is located in the…
Duodenum
If pain comes straight after eating this would indicate that the ulcer is located in the…
Stomach
Pain worse after eating and at night are symptoms of
PUD
Define peptic ulcer disease…
A lesion in the digestive tract lining (mucosa)
Name the complications associated with PUD…
Bleeding leading to anaemia
Massive haematemsis
Perforation leading to peritonitis
Long term cancer on the edge of the ulcer
What happens to the cells in the oesophagus during Barrett’s oesophagus (BO)?
Metplasia
squamous epithelium is replaced with columnar epithelium and goblet cells
What is the reasons the cells adapt in BO?
Due to chronic acid exposure from refulx
During endoscopy what would BO show?
Red and white patches
What does BO have a strong association with?
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Upper GI malignancy areas (3)
Oesophageal
Stomach
Small bowel
Name the risk factors of oesphogeal squamous cell carcinoma…
Alcohol
Tobacco
Caustic injury
Achlasia (damage to nerves in oesoph)
What can patients with oesophogeal cancer develop?
Chest infections
Name the late symptoms of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma…
Dysphagia Weight loss Haemorrahge Sepsis Resipratory fistula with aspiration
Define adenocarcinoma…
Cancer developing from a gland
What is oesophageal adenocarcinoma largely caused by?
Dysplastic changes in BO
How does oesophageal carcinoma sprerad?
Direct (quickly to surrounding tissues)
Lymphatics
Haematogenous (via blood)
Adenocarcinoma stomach makes up A: 50% B: 90% C: 5% Of gastric malignancies
B
Pernicious anemia Intestinal metplasia Neoplastic polyps Helicobacter associated gastritis are...
Precursor lesions
Change in the appearance or nature of a cell before it becomes cancerous
Early symptoms of adenocarcinoma stomach can often be mistaken for…
Gastritis
Advance symptoms of adenocarcinoma stomach are…
Weight loss
Anaemia
Anorexia
Haemorrhage
How does adenocarcinoma spread?
Direct Lymphatics (virchows node= inflamm) Haematogenous Transcolemic Omentum Mesentry Ovary
Define neoplasia…
The presence or formation of new abnormal growth or tissue
Name the different types of small bowel neoplasia…
Adenocarcinoma (rare)
GI stromal tumor
Lymphoma
Carcinoid tumour
Name the risk factors for small bowel neoplasia…
Crohns disease
Coeliac disease
Radiation expsoure
Hereditary
Define coeliac disease…
Extensive mucosal disease disease related to sensitivity to gluten
Is coeliac disease an autoimmune disease?
Yes
How can coeliac disease be diagnosed?
Biopsy Blood test (TTG)
Coeliac disease can lead to…
Adenocarcinoma and lymphoma of the small bowel
-Anaemia
-Fatigue
-Failure to thrive (kids)
-Chronic
-Constipation/diarrhoea
-Pain and discomfort of the digestive track
Are symptoms of…
Coeliac disease
