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Pathology (m) > Thrombosis and embolism > Flashcards

Thrombosis and embolism Flashcards

1
Q

Define thrombosis…

A

A solid or semi-solid mass from the constituents of blood while moving in the vascular system

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2
Q

Where can thrombi form?

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Lumen of heart

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3
Q

Thrombi in the veins can cause…

A

Oedema

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4
Q

Thrombi in the arteries can cause…

A

Ischaemia or embolism

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5
Q

Thrombi in the capillaries can cause…

A

Scattered ischaemic lesions

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6
Q

What could trigger thrombi in the capillaries?

A 
Infections
Septicemia
Malaria
Neoplasms
Liver disease
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7
Q

Factors that promote thrombosis are…

A

Abnormalities of

Vessel wall, blood flow and blood constituents

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8
Q

What causes abnormalities of the vessel wall in the arteries?

A

Atheroma

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9
Q

What causes abnormalities of the vessel wall in the heart?

A

Myo infarc

Rheumatic endocarditis

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10
Q

What causes abnormalities of the vessel wall in the veins?

A

Trauma
Inflammation
Chemicals e.g. glucose in diabetes

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11
Q

What causes abnormalities of the vessel wall in capillaries?

A

Inflammation

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12
Q

What are abnormalities of blood flow in the arteries?

A

Turbulence (anurysms/plaques/spasm)

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13
Q

What are abnormalities of blood flow in the heart?

A

Atrial fib

Anurysm

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14
Q

What are abnormalities of blood flow in the vein?

A 
Local prob (compression/inactivity)
General prob (heart failure/circulatory shock)
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15
Q

What are abnormalities of blood constituents?

A

Increased viscosity
Hyperproteinaemia
Abnormalities of clotting

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16
Q

3 fates of blood clots are…

A

Resolution
Organisation
Detachment

17
Q

Resolution means…

A

Fibrinolyisis occurs

18
Q

Detachment means…

A

Thromboembolism occurs

19
Q

Define embolism…

A

The transport of abnormal material by the blood stream and its impact on bv

20
Q

Types of emboli are…

A 
Thrombi
Fat
Gas
Tumour matieral
Infective agents
Atheroma
Amniotic fluid
Foreign bodies
21
Q

What can cause hypovaelemic shock?

A

Haemorrhage

Severe burns

22
Q

What can cause cardiogenic shock?

A

Large acute myo infarct

Other acute cardiac diseases

23
Q

What can cause septic shock?

A

Endotoxins from gram +/- bacteria

24
Q

What can cause anaphylactic shock?

A

Severe allergic reactions

25
Q

What can cause neurogenic shock?

A

Spinal cord trauma

Regional anaesthesia

26
Q

What can cause obstructive shock?

A

Cardiac tamponade
Tension pneumothorax
Massive pulmonary embolism

27
Q

Name the clinical features of shock…

A 
Low bp
Tachycardia
High or low rests
Low u/o
Metabolic acidosis
Hypoxia
Vasoconstriction/dilation
Anxiety/agitation/indifference/lethargy/obtunded

Pathology (m) (11 decks)

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