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Pathology (m) > Lower GI > Flashcards

Lower GI Flashcards

1
Q

What does the large intestine mainly absorb?

A

Water and electrolytes

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2
Q

Define acute appendicitis

A

Sudden onset of inflammation of the appendix

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3
Q

What kind of pain is parietal pain?

A

Localised

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4
Q

What kind of pain is visceral pain?

A

Referred

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5
Q

What is the treatment(s) of acute appendicitis?

A

Surgery (mainly)

Antibiotics

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6
Q

Define peritonitis

A

Where the lining of the abdominal cavity and organs becomes inflamed

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7
Q

What happens when inflamed appendix come into contact with the abdominal wall?

A

Localised peritonitis

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8
Q

Define anti-biotic associated colitis/ pseudomembraneous colitis

A

Acute inflammation of the Colon characterised by the formation of adherent inflammatory pseudomembranes overlying the sites of mucosal injury

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9
Q

What is ABAC classically caused by?

A

Toxins produced by CDIFF that has over grown

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10
Q

Name the symptoms of ABAC

A

Abdo pain
Change in bowel habits
Fever

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11
Q

What is important to do if you find out a patient has ABAC

A

Speak to microbiology and stop current antibiotics and start CIDFF related ones and isolate the patient

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12
Q

What are the 2 main types of IBD?

A

Crohns disease

Ulcerative colitis

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13
Q

Define IBD

A

Chronic inflammatory conditions of unknown causes affecting the GI tract

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14
Q

Which affects the whole GI tract?
A: Crohns disease
B: Ulcerative colitis

A

A

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15
Q

Which affects only the colon and rectum and goes no further than the colon?
A: Crohns disease
B: Ulcerative colitis

A

B

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16
Q

What are thought the be the causes of IBD?

A

Genetics
Environment
Constitutional susceptibility

17
Q

Can crohns disease have fistula formation?

A

Yes

18
Q

Can ulcerative colitis have fistula formation?

A

No

19
Q

Define transmural inflammation

A

Inflammation across an entire organ or blood vessel

20
Q

Name the complications people with crohns disease can be exposed to

A 
Anaemia
Malabsorption
Fistulas
Extra-intestinal: skin/eyes/joints
Increased risk of bowel carcinoma
Bowel obstruction and perforation
21
Q

In what lower GI disease are there NO skip lesions?

A

Ulcerative colitis

22
Q

Name the complications people with ulcerative colitis can be exposed to

A 
Anaemia
Electrolyte loss from diarrhoea
Extra-intestinal disease
Increased risk of carcinoma
Dysplasia
23
Q

Name the causes of colorectal carcinoma

A

Genetics
Chronic inflammation
Dietary factors

24
Q

National bowel cancer screening is for what age group?

A

60-75

25
Q

What is the blood test required for bowel cancer screening?

A

Faecal occult blood test

26
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of colorectal carcinoma?

A

Altered bowel habit
Blood PR
Iron deficient anemia
Weight loss

Pathology (m) (11 decks)

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