Upper Extremity (UE) Flashcards
Name the four segments of the Upper extremities
Shoulder
Arm
Forearm
Hand
What structures make up the shoulder?
scapula
clavicle
manubrium of the sternum
What part of the UE lies proximally to the hand?
forearm
What is the only place where the bones of the Upper limb articulate with the axial skeleton?
Sternoclavicular joint
What is the most superficial bone?
Clavicle
Name the two ends of the clavicle and what they articulate with?
sternal end (manubrium) acromial end (acromion)
The medial 2/3 of the clavicle is:
A- convex anteriorly
B- convex posteriorly
convex anteriorly
The lateral 1/3 of the clavicle is:
A- concave anteriorly
B- concave posteriorly
concave anteriorly
Is the posterior surface of the scapula covex or concave?
Convex
Is the costal surface of the scapula concave or convex?
concave
Name the three important structures on the lateral end of the scapula that are involved in articulations.
Acromion
Glenoid fossa
Coracoid
What articulates with the scapula laterally?
Humerus
What structure separates the greater and lesser tubercle of the distal end of the humerus?
The bicipital groove
A patient presents with a dislocated shoulder. What type of dislocation would you most likely suspect?
Anterior (95% of dislocations)
Name the articular structures on the condyle of the humerus
Trochlea Capitulum Olecranon fossa Coronoid fossa Radial fossae
How do you test for the radial nerve function?
By extending or touching the back of the wrist
Which one is the stabilizing bone of the forearm
Ulna
what forms the trochlear notch at the proximal end of ulna
olecranon and coronoid process
Does the ulna reach the wrist?
No.
What part of the humerus does the head of radius articulate with?
Capitulum
What separates the proximal end of the radius from the shaft? What attaches here?
radial tuberosity. Biceps
Name the carpal bones
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle) Scaphoid Lunate Ttriquetrum Pisiform Ttrapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
How many metacarpals in one hand?
5
Three parts of a metacarpal
base , shaft, head
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| What does a metacarpal articulate with proximally and distally?</p>
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| carpals (proximally) proximal phalanges (distally)</p>
T or F? all digits have 3 phalanges.
F. Thumbs has 2.
Define the following joints MCP PIP DIP IP
MCP - metacarpophalangeal
PIP - Proximal interphalangeal joint
DIP - Distal Interphalangeal joint
IP- interphalangeal joint
Name the main superficial veins of upper limb and specify which one is medial/lateral.
Cephalic (lateral)
Basilic (medial)
Name the anterior axioappendicullar muscles.
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Subclavius
Serratus anterior
Name the posterior axioappendicullar muscles.
Superficial: -trapezius -latisimus dorsi Deep: Levetor scapulae Rhomboids
Name the muscles that make up the rotator cuff and what does it surrounds.
Rotator cuff SITS around the glenohumeral joint Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
Name the borders of the axilla
Apex (1st rib, clavicle, superior edge of scapula)
Base (skin, fascia, subQ tissue)
Anterior wall (pectoralis major/minor)
Posterior wall (scapula,subscapularis, teres major)
Medial wall (1-4 ribs, intercostals)
Lateral wall (humerus)
Which muscle is the only pure flexor of the elbow?
Brachialis
Main extensor of the elbow
Triceps Brachii
Main arterial supply to the arm is via this artery
Brachial
Name two superficial and one deep veins of the arm
Cephalic and basilic (superficial)
brachial (deep)
Name the nerves of the arm
Median
Ulnar
Musculocutaneous
Radial
Ulnar nerve arises from which cord of the brachial plexus?
Medial
Musculocutaneous nerve arises from which cord of the brachial plexus?
Lateral
Flexors and pronators are served mainly by this nerve
median
Extensors and supinators are served mainly by this nerve
radial
All flexors are attached proximally by a common tendon on the ………… epicondyle of humerus
medial
Divide the Flexor-pronator muscles of the forearm into three main groups and name the muscles in each.
Superficial:
(Pronator teres, Flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris, palmaris longus)
Intermediate:
(Flexor digitorium superficialis)
Deep:
(Flexor digitorium profundus, Flexor pollicis longus, Pronator quadratus)
Divide the extensor muscles of the forearm into 2 main groups and name the muscles in each.
Superficial: Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorium Extensor digiti minimi Deep: abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis
What muscles form the anatomical snuff box?
Abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
Whats the clinical application of the snuff box?
scaphoid fracture location
You are a PA in the ER. A new resident is working with you and is treating a patient with a deep laceration on the anterior aspect of the forearm involving the muscles and resident decides to repair them. You are assisting him. Whats the correct procedure to repair this injury and why?
You would advise the resident that the correct procedure is to transfer the patient to the OR and have a hand surgeon to perform the procedures due to the involvement of the flexor muscles. Only the extensors may be repaired in the ER.
Nerves of the forearm
Median
Radial
Ulnar
Which nerve crosses the roof of the anatomical snuff box?
Radial
What is AC joint?
Acromioclavicular Joint
What is Luxatio erecta
Uncommon, inferior shoulder dislocation
What is nursmaid’s elbow, presenting signs and treatment?
Subluxation of the radial head.
Presents with extended or slightly flexed elbow and pronated forearm.
treatment:
Push on the radial head, supinate and flex the elbow.
Define Skier’s thumb and give cause
Rupture of the chronic laxity of the ulnar collateral ligament of 1st metacarpophalangeal ligament.
Caused by hyperextension of joint.
what helps stabilize the glenohumeral joint?
triceps brachii
how many muscle compartments are in the hand?
5
What nerve is damaged when the stuff box is damaged?
radial nerve
Other than flexion of the digits, what does the long flexors of digits also flex?
metacarpophalanges and wrist joints
what stabilizes the scapula?
pectoralis minor
what helps flexes and adducts the arm?
coracobrachialis
what helps moves the pectoral girdle?
sternoclavicular joint
what anchors the scapula?
serratus anterior
what rotate and retracts the scapula?
rhomboids
what are the compartments of the hands?
THICKA thenar hypothenar interosseous central adductor
