Neck Flashcards
What bones form the skeleton of the neck ?
Cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, manubrium (sternum) and clavicles
What is the clinical significance of the retropharyngeal space?
-it’s the pathway for infection
What muscle in the neck runs from mandible to the clavicle?
Platysma
What are 2 functions of the platysma?
-protects neck from trauma and involved in facial expressions
What can a bulge in the pharynx impair?
Speaking and swallowing
What muscle divides the neck into 2 triangles?
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
What are the 2 heads of the SCM and where do they attach?
1-sternal head attaches to the manubrium
2-clavicular head attches to the medial third of clavicle
What are the 3 superficial regions of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid, posterior cervical, and lateral cervical regions
What are the boundaries of the lateral cervical region (posterior triangle) of the neck?
Anteriorly by the posterior border of SCM; posteriorly by the anterior border of trapezius; by an apex on the nuchal line of occipal bone; by a roof formed by deep cervical fascia; by a floor formed by muscles covered by the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia
What do the following make up collectively?
median line of neck (anterior border) /
the anterior border of SCM (posterior border)
inferior border of mandible (superior border)
the jugular notch in the manubrium of sternum (apex),
the platysma (roof) and
the pharynx, larynx and thyroid gland (floor)
- the anterior cervical region (anterior triangle of neck)
The lavatory scapulae, scalenius muscles and the spinal accessory nerve make what region of neck?
-Lateral cervical region of neck
The muscles: hyoid, suprahyoid, and infrahyoid generally make up what region of the neck?
-anterior cervical region
Where is the submental triangle located?
-inferior to the chin
What is the blood supply of the root of the neck?
-Arteries: brachiocephalic trunk, subclavian, vertebral, internal thoracic
Venous- internal and external jugular
What is the innervation of the root of neck, between the neck and thorax?
-vagus, recurrent laryngeal, cardiac braches of CN 10 and phrenic nerves
What is the significance of the membrane between the trachea and cricoid cartilages (cricothryoid membrane)?
-airway surgery and where we listen for bruits
How many parathryoids do we usually have?
4
Name the structures of the thyroid.
2 lobes with an isthmus
The thyroid and parathyroid glands make up what layer of the neck?
-endocrine
What is the importance of the larynx?
-protects upper airway, connects oropharynx to trachea, forms “adam’s apple” and where your voice is produced
What are the vertebral levels in which the larynx is located?
C3 – C6
T or F: Vocal cords are your false cords and vestibule folds are your true cords
False! (vice versa)
What significant things happen at the angle of Louis aka sternal angle?
• -bifurcation of trachea / aortic arch / Boundary between the superior and inferior portion of the mediastinum / Passage of the thoracic duct from right to left behind esophagus
T/F: the Right bronchus is more horizontal than the Left bronchus
False: the Right is more VERTICAL than the left
What is the order of the 3 pharynges from outside to inside?
-nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Which pharynges have lymphoid tissue?
Nasopharynx (pharyngeal tonsils) and oropharynx(palatine tonsils)
What is a small depression on either side of laryngopharyngeal cavity called?
-piriform fossa
The esophagus is composed of which type of muscle?
-voluntary and involuntary
T/F: The middle 1/3 of the esophagus contains voluntary muscle only.
False! It contains a mixture of voluntary and involuntary
Which part of the esophagus contains only voluntary and which part contains only involuntary muscle ?
-Upper 1/3 contains voluntary, lower 1/3 contains involuntary
In neck trauma, which zone is the most easily treated?
-zone II (easy access for quick treatment)
T/F: Injuries to zones I and III of the neck have the highest morbidity
TRUE!
T/F: Zone I of the neck is the most distal, closest to mouth
False! Zone I is most distal, but is not closest to the mouth
