Neck

Question 1

What bones form the skeleton of the neck ?

Answer 1

Cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, manubrium (sternum) and clavicles

Question 2

What is the clinical significance of the retropharyngeal space?

Answer 2

-it’s the pathway for infection

Question 3

What muscle in the neck runs from mandible to the clavicle?

Answer 3

Platysma

Question 4

What are 2 functions of the platysma?

Answer 4

-protects neck from trauma and involved in facial expressions

Question 5

What can a bulge in the pharynx impair?

Answer 5

Speaking and swallowing

Question 6

What muscle divides the neck into 2 triangles?

Answer 6

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 7

What are the 2 heads of the SCM and where do they attach?

Answer 7

1-sternal head attaches to the manubrium

2-clavicular head attches to the medial third of clavicle

Question 8

What are the 3 superficial regions of the neck?

Answer 8

Sternocleidomastoid, posterior cervical, and lateral cervical regions

Question 9

What are the boundaries of the lateral cervical region (posterior triangle) of the neck?

Answer 9

Anteriorly by the posterior border of SCM; posteriorly by the anterior border of trapezius; by an apex on the nuchal line of occipal bone; by a roof formed by deep cervical fascia; by a floor formed by muscles covered by the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

Question 10

What do the following make up collectively?
median line of neck (anterior border) /

the anterior border of SCM (posterior border)

inferior border of mandible (superior border)

the jugular notch in the manubrium of sternum (apex),

the platysma (roof) and

the pharynx, larynx and thyroid gland (floor)

Answer 10

• the anterior cervical region (anterior triangle of neck)

Question 11

The lavatory scapulae, scalenius muscles and the spinal accessory nerve make what region of neck?

Answer 11

-Lateral cervical region of neck

Question 12

The muscles: hyoid, suprahyoid, and infrahyoid generally make up what region of the neck?

Answer 12

-anterior cervical region

Question 13

Where is the submental triangle located?

Answer 13

-inferior to the chin

Question 14

What is the blood supply of the root of the neck?

Answer 14

-Arteries: brachiocephalic trunk, subclavian, vertebral, internal thoracic
Venous- internal and external jugular

Question 15

What is the innervation of the root of neck, between the neck and thorax?

Answer 15

-vagus, recurrent laryngeal, cardiac braches of CN 10 and phrenic nerves

Question 16

What is the significance of the membrane between the trachea and cricoid cartilages (cricothryoid membrane)?

Answer 16

-airway surgery and where we listen for bruits

Question 17

How many parathryoids do we usually have?

Answer 17

4

Question 18

Name the structures of the thyroid.

Answer 18

2 lobes with an isthmus

Question 19

The thyroid and parathyroid glands make up what layer of the neck?

Answer 19

-endocrine

Question 20

What is the importance of the larynx?

Answer 20

-protects upper airway, connects oropharynx to trachea, forms “adam’s apple” and where your voice is produced

Question 21

What are the vertebral levels in which the larynx is located?

Answer 21

C3 – C6

Question 22

T or F: Vocal cords are your false cords and vestibule folds are your true cords

Answer 22

False! (vice versa)

Question 23

What significant things happen at the angle of Louis aka sternal angle?

Answer 23

• -bifurcation of trachea / aortic arch / Boundary between the superior and inferior portion of the mediastinum / Passage of the thoracic duct from right to left behind esophagus

Question 24

T/F: the Right bronchus is more horizontal than the Left bronchus

Answer 24

False: the Right is more VERTICAL than the left

Question 25

What is the order of the 3 pharynges from outside to inside?

Answer 25

-nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 26

Which pharynges have lymphoid tissue?

Answer 26

Nasopharynx (pharyngeal tonsils) and oropharynx(palatine tonsils)

Question 27

What is a small depression on either side of laryngopharyngeal cavity called?

Answer 27

-piriform fossa

Question 28

The esophagus is composed of which type of muscle?

Answer 28

-voluntary and involuntary

Question 29

T/F: The middle 1/3 of the esophagus contains voluntary muscle only.

Answer 29

False! It contains a mixture of voluntary and involuntary

Question 30

Which part of the esophagus contains only voluntary and which part contains only involuntary muscle ?

Answer 30

-Upper 1/3 contains voluntary, lower 1/3 contains involuntary

Question 31

In neck trauma, which zone is the most easily treated?

Answer 31

-zone II (easy access for quick treatment)

Question 32

T/F: Injuries to zones I and III of the neck have the highest morbidity

Answer 32

TRUE!

Question 33

T/F: Zone I of the neck is the most distal, closest to mouth

Answer 33

False! Zone I is most distal, but is not closest to the mouth