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Anatomy > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

Name the functions of the vertebral column

A

Protection of spinal cord & nerves
Support of body weight
Partly rigid/flexible axis for body
Pivot for head

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2
Q

How many vertebrae are there all together. How many sections and how many in each section

A 
33 total
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal
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3
Q

How many vertebral curvatures are there? name them

A 
4
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
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4
Q

Which of the vertebral curvatures are kyphoses? Are they concave anteriorly or posteriorly?

A

Thoracic and sacral

concave anteriorly

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5
Q

Which of the vertebral curvatures are lordoses? Are they concave anteriorly or posteriorly?

A

cervical and lumbar

concave posteriorly

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6
Q

Name the three general parts of a verterbra

A

body
vertebral arch
processes

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7
Q

How many processes are there in a vertebra

A

7

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8
Q

Name the two sections of the vertebra that are convex posteriorly

A

Thorax and sacral

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9
Q

Name the two sections of the vertebra that are concave posteriorly

A

cervical and lumbar

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10
Q

Name the sections of the vertebra categorized as kyphoses

A

thoracic and sacral

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11
Q

Name the sections of the vertebra categorized as lordoses

A

cervical and lumbar

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12
Q

Thoracic and sacral vertebra are classified as kyphosis or lordosis?

A

Kyphosis

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13
Q

Cervical and lumbar vertebra are classified as kyphosis or lordosis?

A

lordosis

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14
Q

Name the two sections of the vertebra that are convex anteriorly?

A

cervical and lumbar

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15
Q

Name the two sections of the vertebra that are concave anteriorly?

A

thoracic and sacral

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16
Q

Name the vertebral processes

A

2 cranial articular
2 transverse
2 caudal articular
1 spinous

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17
Q

How can you palpate the coccyx?

A

via Anus

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18
Q

What is vertebrae prominens?

A

C7-most proximal visible vertebrae

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19
Q

What landmark, other than counting off the vertebrae, would you use to locate L4?

A

Iliac crest, lies at level of L4

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20
Q

Name the two parts of the intervertebral disc

A

nucleus pulposis

anulus fibrosis

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21
Q

What two ligaments stabilize the joints of vertebral bodies?

A

anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

22
Q

What ligament connects the spinous processes

A

Interspinous ligament

23
Q

What ligament covers the laminae of adjacent vertebral arches and prevents the separation of laminae

A

Ligamentum flavum

24
Q

Whats the role of the Supraspinous ligament

A

Connects the apices of the spinous processes

25
Q

What doest the Supraspinous ligament merge with in the neck?

A

Nuchal ligament

26
Q

Location of Atlanto-occipital joint

A

Lateral masses of C1 and occipital condyles

27
Q

Name the atlantoaxial joints

A

2 right and left lateral joints

1 medial antlantoaxial joint

28
Q

Via what structure do the spinal nerves leave the spinal cord?

A

Neural foramen

29
Q

Where does the spinal cord start and end?

A

Starts as continuation of medulla oblongata

Ends at L1-L2

30
Q

Give two locations of spinal cord enlargement

A

cervical C4-T1

Lumbosacral L1-L3

31
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

32
Q

Function of posterior and anterior roots

A

posterior (dorSal) Sensory

anterior (venTral) moTor

33
Q

Between which two layers is the CSF located. What is this space called?

A

Arachnoid and pia

Subarachnoid

34
Q

Which meninx in the most superficial?

A

Dura

35
Q

Which meninx is the most deep?

A

Pia

36
Q

Which meninx lies deep to dura?

A

Arachnoid

37
Q

Which of the vertebral arteries are paired, posterior or anterior?

A

Posterior

38
Q

Two main groups of back muscles

A

Extrinsic and Intrinsic

39
Q

What groups do the Extrinsic muscles divide into?

A

Superficial and intermediate

40
Q

Divide the Intrinsic back muscles into layers

A

Superficial
Intermediate
Deep

41
Q

Name the Superficial Extrinsic muscles

A

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids

42
Q

Name the Intermediate Extrinsic muscles

A

Serratus posterior, superior, and inferior

43
Q

Muscles of the superficial layer of intrinsic muscle group

A

Splenius muscles (capitis and cervicis)

44
Q

Muscles of the intermediate layer of intrinsic muscles group

A

Errector spinae

45
Q

Muscles of the deep layer of intrinsic muscle group

A

Transversospinal muscles (semispinalis muscles)

46
Q

Types of medical imaging used for the Back

A

Radiograph
Myelography
CT
MRI

47
Q

Which diagnostic test is excellent for high contrast bone images

A

Radiograph

48
Q

Which diagnostic test involves injection of contrast material into subarachnoid space

A

Myelography

49
Q

This test differentiates between white and grey matter

A

CT

50
Q

This test for the Back doesn’t involve radiation

A

MRI

51
Q

Extremely good images of the vertebral column, spinal cord, CSF can be seen with this test

A

MRI

52
Q

Which test would be best to choose for a patient that you suspect has a herniated disc?

A

MRI

Anatomy (10 decks)

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