Back Flashcards
Name the functions of the vertebral column
Protection of spinal cord & nerves
Support of body weight
Partly rigid/flexible axis for body
Pivot for head
How many vertebrae are there all together. How many sections and how many in each section
33 total 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 Lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal
How many vertebral curvatures are there? name them
4 cervical thoracic lumbar sacral
Which of the vertebral curvatures are kyphoses? Are they concave anteriorly or posteriorly?
Thoracic and sacral
concave anteriorly
Which of the vertebral curvatures are lordoses? Are they concave anteriorly or posteriorly?
cervical and lumbar
concave posteriorly
Name the three general parts of a verterbra
body
vertebral arch
processes
How many processes are there in a vertebra
7
Name the two sections of the vertebra that are convex posteriorly
Thorax and sacral
Name the two sections of the vertebra that are concave posteriorly
cervical and lumbar
Name the sections of the vertebra categorized as kyphoses
thoracic and sacral
Name the sections of the vertebra categorized as lordoses
cervical and lumbar
Thoracic and sacral vertebra are classified as kyphosis or lordosis?
Kyphosis
Cervical and lumbar vertebra are classified as kyphosis or lordosis?
lordosis
Name the two sections of the vertebra that are convex anteriorly?
cervical and lumbar
Name the two sections of the vertebra that are concave anteriorly?
thoracic and sacral
Name the vertebral processes
2 cranial articular
2 transverse
2 caudal articular
1 spinous
How can you palpate the coccyx?
via Anus
What is vertebrae prominens?
C7-most proximal visible vertebrae
What landmark, other than counting off the vertebrae, would you use to locate L4?
Iliac crest, lies at level of L4
Name the two parts of the intervertebral disc
nucleus pulposis
anulus fibrosis
What two ligaments stabilize the joints of vertebral bodies?
anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
What ligament connects the spinous processes
Interspinous ligament
What ligament covers the laminae of adjacent vertebral arches and prevents the separation of laminae
Ligamentum flavum
Whats the role of the Supraspinous ligament
Connects the apices of the spinous processes
What doest the Supraspinous ligament merge with in the neck?
Nuchal ligament
Location of Atlanto-occipital joint
Lateral masses of C1 and occipital condyles
Name the atlantoaxial joints
2 right and left lateral joints
1 medial antlantoaxial joint
Via what structure do the spinal nerves leave the spinal cord?
Neural foramen
Where does the spinal cord start and end?
Starts as continuation of medulla oblongata
Ends at L1-L2
Give two locations of spinal cord enlargement
cervical C4-T1
Lumbosacral L1-L3
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there
31
Function of posterior and anterior roots
posterior (dorSal) Sensory
anterior (venTral) moTor
Between which two layers is the CSF located. What is this space called?
Arachnoid and pia
Subarachnoid
Which meninx in the most superficial?
Dura
Which meninx is the most deep?
Pia
Which meninx lies deep to dura?
Arachnoid
Which of the vertebral arteries are paired, posterior or anterior?
Posterior
Two main groups of back muscles
Extrinsic and Intrinsic
What groups do the Extrinsic muscles divide into?
Superficial and intermediate
Divide the Intrinsic back muscles into layers
Superficial
Intermediate
Deep
Name the Superficial Extrinsic muscles
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Name the Intermediate Extrinsic muscles
Serratus posterior, superior, and inferior
Muscles of the superficial layer of intrinsic muscle group
Splenius muscles (capitis and cervicis)
Muscles of the intermediate layer of intrinsic muscles group
Errector spinae
Muscles of the deep layer of intrinsic muscle group
Transversospinal muscles (semispinalis muscles)
Types of medical imaging used for the Back
Radiograph
Myelography
CT
MRI
Which diagnostic test is excellent for high contrast bone images
Radiograph
Which diagnostic test involves injection of contrast material into subarachnoid space
Myelography
This test differentiates between white and grey matter
CT
This test for the Back doesn’t involve radiation
MRI
Extremely good images of the vertebral column, spinal cord, CSF can be seen with this test
MRI
Which test would be best to choose for a patient that you suspect has a herniated disc?
MRI
