Intro, skeletal

Question 0

Types of bones

Answer 0

Long
Short
Flat
Sesamoid
Irregular

Question 1

Functions of skeletal system

Answer 1

Protection
Support
Movement
Storage for salts
Supply of new blood cells

Question 2

Types of bone development

Answer 2

Intramembranous ossification
(formation in embryonic period with direct ossification in fetal period)
Endochondral ossification
(Cartilage forms first , then is replaced by bone)

Question 3

Classification of joints

Answer 3

Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous

Question 4

Describe origin and insertion

Answer 4

Origin (fixed attachment)

Insertion (moving attachment)

Question 5

Give different shapes of muscles

Answer 5

Flat 
Pennate
Fusiform
Quadrate 
Circular

Question 6

Types of arteries and different layers

Answer 6

Elastic (aorta) 
Muscular (femoral)
Arterioles
Layers:
Tunica- intima, media, adventitia

Question 7

Name the only organ (a place on the body) that has more veins that arteries

Answer 7

Penis

Question 8

What’s the structural and functional unit on the nervous system

Answer 8

Neuron

Question 9

What is cartilage?

Answer 9

Avascular , semi-rigid, resilient form of connective tissue

Question 10

How is articular cartilage nourished?

Answer 10

By diffusion

Question 11

Where in a long bone would you find a higher amount of compact bone?

Answer 11

Near the middle of the shaft , where it might buckle.

Question 12

Bones have great rigidity and some elasticity. True or false?

Answer 12

T

Question 13

Classify and give examples of bones

Answer 13

Long (humerus, phalanges)
Short (tarsus and carpus)
Flat (cranium)
Irregular (facial)
Sesamoid (in tendons, patella)

Question 14

Functions of bone markings

Answer 14

Attachment of tendons, ligaments, and fascia.

Place where arteries lie next to or enter bones.

Question 15

What is epicondyle

Answer 15

A prominence superior to condyle

Question 16

Facet

Answer 16

Smooth flat area usually covered by a cartilage where bone articulates with another

Question 17

Describe healing of a fracture

Answer 17

Fibroblasts proliferate and secrete collagen that forms callus.
Remodeling occurs and callus calcifies.
Callus then resorbs and is replaced by bone.

Question 18

All bones are derived from…..

Answer 18

Mesenchyme

Question 19

What type of an artery supplies the majority of compact bones

Answer 19

Periosteal ( nutrient) artery

Question 20

Ends of bones are supplied by these arteries

Answer 20

Metaphysial and epiphysial arteries.

Question 21

T or F? After every fracture some bone cells die.

Answer 21

T

Question 22

The name of the condition when a large area of a bone dies due to loss of blood supply.

Answer 22

Avascular necrosis

Question 23

What is useful in predicting height and age in adolescents ?

Answer 23

Knowledge of the bone age determined by knowing when and where ossification centers develop and when they fuse.

Question 24

Type of joints, level of movement, and examles

Answer 24

Fiborous (little movement, skull sutures)
Cartilaginous (slight bending until epiphysial plate fuses, pubic symphysis)
Synovial (most movement, knee)

Question 25

Explain the Hilton’s Law

Answer 25

Nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles which move the joint

Question 27

What are the functional types of joints and give examples

Answer 27

Hinge (flexion and extension, elbow)
Pivot (rotation, atlas/axis)
Saddle (between carpals/metacarpals)
Concyloid (between metacarpals/phalanges)
Plane (gliding/sliding, Acromioclavicular)
Ball& Socket (hip)