Intro, skeletal Flashcards
Types of bones
Long Short Flat Sesamoid Irregular
Functions of skeletal system
Protection Support Movement Storage for salts Supply of new blood cells
Types of bone development
Intramembranous ossification
(formation in embryonic period with direct ossification in fetal period)
Endochondral ossification
(Cartilage forms first , then is replaced by bone)
Classification of joints
Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Describe origin and insertion
Origin (fixed attachment)
Insertion (moving attachment)
Give different shapes of muscles
Flat Pennate Fusiform Quadrate Circular
Types of arteries and different layers
Elastic (aorta) Muscular (femoral) Arterioles Layers: Tunica- intima, media, adventitia
Name the only organ (a place on the body) that has more veins that arteries
Penis
What’s the structural and functional unit on the nervous system
Neuron
What is cartilage?
Avascular , semi-rigid, resilient form of connective tissue
How is articular cartilage nourished?
By diffusion
Where in a long bone would you find a higher amount of compact bone?
Near the middle of the shaft , where it might buckle.
Bones have great rigidity and some elasticity. True or false?
T
Classify and give examples of bones
Long (humerus, phalanges) Short (tarsus and carpus) Flat (cranium) Irregular (facial) Sesamoid (in tendons, patella)
Functions of bone markings
Attachment of tendons, ligaments, and fascia.
Place where arteries lie next to or enter bones.
What is epicondyle
A prominence superior to condyle
Facet
Smooth flat area usually covered by a cartilage where bone articulates with another
Describe healing of a fracture
Fibroblasts proliferate and secrete collagen that forms callus.
Remodeling occurs and callus calcifies.
Callus then resorbs and is replaced by bone.
All bones are derived from…..
Mesenchyme
What type of an artery supplies the majority of compact bones
Periosteal ( nutrient) artery
Ends of bones are supplied by these arteries
Metaphysial and epiphysial arteries.
T or F? After every fracture some bone cells die.
T
The name of the condition when a large area of a bone dies due to loss of blood supply.
Avascular necrosis
What is useful in predicting height and age in adolescents ?
Knowledge of the bone age determined by knowing when and where ossification centers develop and when they fuse.
Type of joints, level of movement, and examles
Fiborous (little movement, skull sutures)
Cartilaginous (slight bending until epiphysial plate fuses, pubic symphysis)
Synovial (most movement, knee)
Explain the Hilton’s Law
Nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles which move the joint
What are the functional types of joints and give examples
Hinge (flexion and extension, elbow)
Pivot (rotation, atlas/axis)
Saddle (between carpals/metacarpals)
Concyloid (between metacarpals/phalanges)
Plane (gliding/sliding, Acromioclavicular)
Ball& Socket (hip)
