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Anatomy Final > Upper Extremity Musculature > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicular muscles are responsible for what?

A
  • Stabilizing the pectoral and pelvic girdles
  • Moving the upper and lower limbs
  • Absorbing shocks and jolts as you walk, run, or jump
  • Aiding in strengthening the joint area
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2
Q

What is the general principle to keep in mind about joints?

A

An increase in mobility leads to a decrease in stability. Vice versa

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3
Q

Muscles that position the pectoral girdle: Where do they originate and where do they insert?

A

Originate on the axial skeleton, insert on the clavicle and humerus.

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4
Q

Muscles that move the arm: Where do they originate and where do they insert?

A

Originate on the pectoral girdle, insert on the humerus.

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5
Q

Muscles that move the forearm and hand: Where do they originate and where do they insert?

A

Originate on the pectoral girdle and humerus, insert on the radius, ulna, and/or carpals.

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6
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the hand and fingers: Where do they originate and where do they insert?

A

Originate on the humerus, radius and ulna and insert on the metacarpals and phalanges.

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7
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand: Where do they originate and where do they insert?

A

Originate primarily on the carpal and metacarpal bones, insert on the phalanges.

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8
Q

What actions are associated with the positioning of the pectoral girdle?

A

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, superior/upward rotation, inferior/downward rotation

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9
Q

What actions are associated with moving the arm at the shoulder?

A

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal/medial rotation, external/lateral rotation

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10
Q

What actions are associated with moving the forearm at the elbow?

A

Flexion, extension

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11
Q

What actions are associated with moving the hand at the wrist?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction (radial deviation), adduction (ulnar deviation)

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12
Q

What actions are associated with the movements of the individual fingers?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition (thumb & pinky)

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13
Q

What joints do supination and pronation actions occur at?

A

Radioulnar joints. There are 2 radioulnar joints- a proximal and distal one. The proximal radioulnar joint is located near the elbow and the distal radioulnar joint is located near the wrist.

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14
Q

What are action lines or directions of pull?

A

Consider the directions a muscle’s fibers cross a joint, and think about the joint structure itself

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15
Q

What are spurt and shunt muscles?

A

Spurt muscles are muscles that insert close to the joint- they do torque and movement.
Shunt muscles are muscles that insert far from the joint- they do movement and stabilization.

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16
Q

What are agonists?

A

Prime movers, perform an action (biceps brachii flexes the elbow)

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17
Q

What are antagonists?

A

Perform an opposing action (triceps brachii extends the elbow)
When an agonist is active, the antagonist relaxes.

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18
Q

What are synergists?

A

Muscles that assist the agonist/prime mover (brachioradialis assists with elbow flexion)

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19
Q

What are stabilizers?

A

Stabilize a joint or area for optimum movement of the agonist muscles (rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder)

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20
Q

Muscles associated with the pectoral girdle and upper limbs can be divided into four groups. What are these groups?

A
  1. Muscles that position the pectoral girdle
  2. Muscles that move the arm
  3. Muscles that move the forearm and hand
  4. Muscles that move the hand and fingers
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21
Q

What are the muscles that position the pectoral girdle?

A

Trapezius
Rhomboid
Levator Scapulae
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Anterior
Subclavius

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22
Q

Function of Trapezius

A

Elevate/retract/depress/upward rotation of the scapula

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23
Q

Function of Rhomboid

A

Retraction/downward rotation

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24
Q

Function of Levator Scapulae

A

Elevation/downward rotation of scapula

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25
Q

Function of Pectoralis minor

A

Depression of scapula

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26
Q

Function of Serratus anterior

A

Protraction/upward rotation of scapula

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27
Q

Function of Subclavius

A

Clavicular stabilization

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28
Q

What are the muscles that move the arm at the shoulder joint?

A

Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres major
Teres minor
Coracobrachialis
Pectoralis major
Latissimus Dorsi
Rotator Cuff: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis

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29
Q

Function of Deltoid

A

Flexion/abduction/extension of arm

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30
Q

Function of Supraspinatus

A

Initiates abduction of arm; rotator cuff

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31
Q

Function of Infraspinatus

A

Lateral rotation of arm; rotator cuff

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32
Q

Function of Subscapularis

A

Medial rotation of arm; rotator cuff

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33
Q

Function of Teres major

A

Extension/adduction; medial rotation of arm

34
Q

Function of Teres minor

A

Lateral rotation of arm; rotator cuff

35
Q

Function of Coracobrachialis

A

Flexion/adduction of arm

36
Q

Function of Pectoralis major

A

Adduction/horizontal adduction/flexion/medial rotation of arm

37
Q

Function of Latissimus dorsi

A

Extension/adduction/medial rotation of arm

38
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Scubscapularis

39
Q

What is the net movement that occurs when all the heads of the deltoid muscle contract together as a unit?

A

Abduction of the arm at the shoulder

40
Q

Under the general organization of arm and forearm compartments, the anterior arm and forearm are referred to as _______ and the posterior forearm are referred to as _________

A

Flexors; extensors

41
Q

What are the muscles that move the forearm at the elbow joint?

A

Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Bracioradialis
Pronator teres
Supinator

42
Q

Function of Triceps brachii

A

Extension of forearm

43
Q

Function of Anconeus

A

Weak extension of forearm

44
Q

Function of Biceps brachii

A

Flexion of forearm; supination of forearm

45
Q

Function of Brachialis

A

Flexion of forearm

46
Q

Function of Brachioradialis

A

Flexion of forearm

47
Q

Function of Pronator teres (movement at radioulnar joint)

A

Pronation of forearm

48
Q

Function of Supinator (movement at radioulnar joint)

A

Supination of forearm

49
Q

Flexor

A

The muscle will perform flexion of some kind (of the hand, of the thumb, or of digits 2-5)

50
Q

Extensor

A

The muscle will perform extension of some kind (of the hand, of the thumb, or of digits 2-5)

51
Q

Carpi

A

This term refers to the wrist, applies to forearm muscles whose primary action is to move the hand at the wrist in some way

52
Q

Pollicis

A

This term designates the thumb; muscles with this word in the name act exclusively on the thumb in some way

53
Q

Radialis

A

Muscles with this term in the name have tendons approaching trhe thumb side of the wrist; a common actiuon would be wrist abduction

54
Q

Ulnaris

A

Muscles with this term in the name have tendons approaching the pinky side of the wrist; a common action among them would be wrist adduction

55
Q

What are the muscles that move the hand at the wrist joint?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Pronator quadratus

56
Q

Function of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Flexion/adduction of the hand

57
Q

Function of flexor carpi radialis

A

Flexion/abduction of the hand

58
Q

Function of palmaris longus

A

Weak flexion of hand; tenses the palmar aponeurosis

59
Q

Function of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Extend/adduct the hand

60
Q

Function of extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)

A

Extend/abduct the hand

61
Q

Function of pronator quadratus

A

Pronation of forearm

62
Q

Supination and pronation occur at which joint?

A

Distal radioulnar joint

63
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the hand (found mostly in the forearm)?

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor digitorum
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus

64
Q

Function Abductor pollicis longus

A

Abduct the thumb

65
Q

Function Extensor digitorum

A

Extend digits 2-5

66
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extend the thumb

67
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Extend the thumb

68
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Extend the 2nd digit

69
Q

Function Extensor digiti minimi

A

Extend the 5th digit

70
Q

Function Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flex digits 2-5

71
Q

Function Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Flex digits 2-5

72
Q

Function Flexor pollicis longus

A

Flex the thumb

73
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

Tendons of the muscles pass through SYNOVIAL TENDON SHEATHS, located within the wrist area
- Extensor retinaculum
- Flexor retinaculum

74
Q

Function of Extensor retinaculum

A

Holds down extensor tendons on back of wrist

75
Q

Function of Flexor retinaculum

A

Covers the carpal tunnel

76
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand (These muscles are found mostly in the palm or the dorsum of the hand)

A

Adductor pollicis
Opponens pollicis
Palmaris brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
Abductor pollciis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi
Lumbrical
Dorsal interossei
Palmar interossei

77
Q

Compartments of the Arm and Forearm

A

The deep fascia extends between the bones and the superficial fascia and separates the soft tissues of the limb into separate compartments
- Lateral intermuscular septum
- Medial intermuscular septum
Both septa create compartments within the upper arm
- Anterior compartment
- Posterior compartment

78
Q

What happens if there is compression anywhere along the pathway of the Brachial Plexus?

A

This can cause muscle weakness, as well as sensory issues like parasthesia or anesthesia of the skin in the upper limb

79
Q

RMMU- What is this?

A

Terminal nerves of the Brachial Plexus
From lateral to medial
- Radial nerve
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Median nerve
- Ulnar nerve

80
Q

Where does the median nerve go?

A

Through the carpal tunnel- it may be compressed

Anatomy Final (11 decks)

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