Muscles/Movements

Question 1

Digastric and Mylohyoid

Answer 1

Elevate hyoid and larynx

Question 2

Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Omohyoid

Answer 2

Depress hyoid and larynx

Question 3

Sternocleidomastoid (Unilateral and bilateral movements)

Answer 3

Unilateral- same side lateral flexion, opposite side lateral rotation
Bilateral- flexion/extension of the neck, forced breathing

Question 4

Erector Spinae Muscles:
1. List lateral to medial
3. Bilateral movements
4. Unilateral movements

Answer 4

1. Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
2. Bilateral- Extension of the vertebral column (straightening the back); in practice, these muscles are actually working to reduce the movement of the spinal column
3. Unilateral- Same side lateral flexion and rotation

Question 5

Splenius:
1. Where is it located
2. Functions

Answer 5

1. Vertebral column, inserts on skull and goes down cervical spine
2. Same side lateral flexion and lateral rotation, extension of the cervical spine

Question 6

Scalenes

Answer 6

Forced breathing (inspiration) and cervical stabilization.

Question 7

Internal and external intercostals
1. Where are they
2. What do they do

Answer 7

1. They are on the lateral aspect, ribs.
2. The intercostal muscles maintain the stability of the intercostal spaces- this makes sure the ribs move evenly relative to one another. Also assist with forced respiration.

Question 8

External oblique, internal oblique, and rectus abdominus
1. Where are they
2. What do they do

Answer 8

1. They are on the medial aspect, stomach
2. Mostly help with spinal flexion (crunch motion), and with abdominal compression (sucking in the gut). Essential for core stability.

Question 9

The diaphragm movements during breathing

Answer 9

Inhalation: Moves down (expands)
Exhalation: Moves up (contracts)

Question 10

Triceps Brachii

Answer 10

Extension of forearm

Question 11

Anconeus

Answer 11

Weak extension of forearm

Question 12

Biceps Brachii

Answer 12

Flexion of forearm; supination of forearm

Question 13

Brachialis

Answer 13

Flexion of forearm

Question 14

Brachioradialis

Answer 14

Flexion of forearm

Question 15

Pronator teres (movement at radioulnar joint)

Answer 15

Pronation of forearm

Question 16

Supinator (movement at radioulnar joint)

Answer 16

Supination of forearm

Question 17

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 17

Flexion/adduction of the hand

Question 18

Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 18

Flexion/abduction of hand

Question 19

Palmaris longus

Answer 19

Weak flexion of hand, tenses palmar aponeurosis

Question 20

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 20

Extend/adduct the hand

Question 21

Extensor carpi radialis (brevis and longus)

Answer 21

Extend/abduct the hand

Question 22

Pronator quadratus (movement at radioulnar joint)

Answer 22

Pronation of forearm

Question 23

Abductor pollicis longus

Answer 23

Abduct the thumb

Question 24

Extensor digitorum

Answer 24

Extend digits 2-5

Question 25

Extensor pollicis longus

Answer 25

Extend the thumb

Question 26

Extensor pollicis brevis

Answer 26

Extend the thumb

Question 27

Extensor indicis

Answer 27

Extend the 2nd digit

Question 28

Extensor digiti minimi

Answer 28

Extend the 5th digit

Question 29

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 29

Flex digits 2-5

Question 30

Extensor retinaculum

Answer 30

Holds down extensor tendons on back of wrist

Question 31

Flexor retinaculum

Answer 31

Covers the carpal tunnel

Question 32

Movements at the hip joint

Answer 32

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, circumduction

Question 33

Movements at the knee joint

Answer 33

Flexion, extension

Question 34

Movements at the ankle joint

Answer 34

Dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, eversion

Question 35

Sub-talar joint

Answer 35

Inversion and eversion of foot

Question 36

Talocrural joint

Answer 36

Where tibia sits on the talus; dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 37

Gluteus maximus

Answer 37

Extension, lateral rotation at the hip, attaches to IT band

Question 38

Gluteus medius

Answer 38

Abduction at hip, assists with pelvic stabilization during running/walking

Question 39

Glueus minimus

Answer 39

Flexion/medial rotation/adbuction at hip; assists with pelvic stabilization during running/walking

Question 40

Tensor fasciae latae

Answer 40

Weak flexion/abduction at hip; attaches to IT band

Question 41

Obturator muscles, piriformis, gemelli muscles, quadratus femoris

Answer 41

Lateral rotation at the hip; these also help to hold the femoral head into the hip socket

Question 42

Adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, pectineus, gracilis

Answer 42

Hip adduction; these muscles can be torn and are associated with groin pulls/strains

Question 43

Iliacus, Psoas major

Answer 43

Main hip flexors

Question 44

Quadriceps femoris - Vastus intermedius - Vastus lateralis - Vastus medialis - Rectus femoris

Answer 44

Extension of the knee

Question 45

Hamstrings - Biceps femoris - Semimembranosus - Semitendinosus

Answer 45

Knee flexion and hip extension

Question 46

Sartorius, popliteus

Answer 46

Flexors of the knee

Question 47

Tibialis anterior

Answer 47

Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

Question 48

Gastrocnemius

Answer 48

Plantarflexion of foot, knee flexion

Question 49

Fibularis brevis, fibularis longus

Answer 49

Eversion of foot

Question 50

Plantaris

Answer 50

Weak plantarflexion, knee flexion

Question 51

Soleus

Answer 51

Plantarflexion of foot

Question 52

Tibialis posterior

Answer 52

Inversion of foot