- Muscles that position the head and vertebral column - Muscles that move the rib cage

Axial Musculature Flashcards by Stephanie Muenzen

Axial Musculature

Muscles that position the head and vertebral column
Muscles that move the rib cage

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The Four Groups of Axial Muscles

Muscles of the head and neck
Muscles of the vertebral column
Muscles of the rib cage and lateral walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
Muscles of the pelvic floor

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Muscles of the Head and Neck

Muscles of facial expression- move the skin of the face
Extra-oculur muscles- move the eyeball
Muscles of mastication- chewing muscles
Muscles of the tongue
Muscles of the pharynx- throat wall
Anterior muscles of the neck

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Muscles of the Head and Neck- list

Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Platysma
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
Sternal head of sternocleidomastoid
Clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid

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What cranial nerve innervates the facial expressive muscles?

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

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Superior rectus function

Draws the eye upward

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Inferior rectus function

Draws the eye downward

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Medial rectus function

Draws the eye medially

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Lateral rectus function

Draws the eye laterally

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Inferior oblique function

Draws the eye upward and laterally

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Superior oblique function

Draws the eye downward and laterally

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A patient is asked to look to their left. What muscle of the left eye allows for this action? What muscle of the right eye allows for this action?

The lateral rectus muscle of the left eye.
The medial rectus of the right eye.

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What are the muscles of mastication?

Masseter
Temporalis
Pterygoids

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What cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

CNV

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What is the function of temporalis and masseter?

Elevation of the mandible. These muscles bring the biting surfaces of the teeth close to each other to allow for the crushing of food.

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What are the muscles of the tongue? What is their function?

Ending in -glossus
- Palatoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
Help with the mechanical breakdown of food. Also help with swallowing.

What are the muscles of the pharynx? Functions?

Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus
These muscles are working to move food from the oral cavity into the esophagus.

Bilateral Contraction

Muscle is contracting on both sides of the body at the same time.

Unilateral Contraction

Muscle is actively contracting on one side of the body.

Ipsilateral Contraction

Body moves toward the same side on which contraction takes place.

Contralateral Contraction

Body moves toward the opposite side on which contraction takes place.

List the anterior muscles of the neck.

Digastric
Mylohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Sternocleidomastoid

Movements of digastric and mylohyoid

Elevate hyoid and larynx

Movements of sternohyoid/sternothyroid/omohyoid

Depress hyoid and larynx

Movements of sternocleidomastoid (Unilateral and bilateral)

Unilateral: Same side lateral flexion, opposite side lateral rotation. Bilateral: Flexion/extension of neck; forced breathing.

Where does iliocostalis attach?

The ribs.

What are the erector spinae muscles? List.

Powerful group of muscles consisting of 3 vertical columns of muscle; each column can be divided regionally. Medial to lateral: Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis

Movements of the erector spinae muscles (Bilateral and unilateral)

Bilateral: Extension of the vertebral column (straightening the back), reduces the movement of the spinal column Unilateral: Same side lateral flexion and rotation

What is the movement of splenius? Where is it located?

Extension of the cervical spine. Same side lateral flexion and rotation, Located on the posterior skull- cervical spine.

Where are the scalenes located? What is the movement?

Located on the posterior neck. The scalenes help with forced breathing (inspiration) and cervical stabilization. The action depends on which end of the muscle is pulling.

What major nerve structure emerges between the anterior and middle scalene?

Roots of the brachial plexus (C5-T1).

What is the function of the internal and external intercostals?

Maintain the stability of the intercostal spaces- makes sure the ribs move evenly relative to one another. Also assist with forced respiration.

What are the functions of the external oblique, internal oblique, and rectus abdominus?

Spinal flexion (crunch motion) and abdominal compression (sucking in the gut). Essential for core stability.

Movements of the diaphragm during the phases of breathing

Inhalation- the diaphragm moves down Exhalation- the diaphragm moves up

What are the muscles of the perineal region?

Urogenital triangle, anal triangle