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Anatomy Final > Axial Musculature > Flashcards

Axial Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Musculature

A
  • Muscles that position the head and vertebral column
  • Muscles that move the rib cage
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1
Q

The Four Groups of Axial Muscles

A
  • Muscles of the head and neck
  • Muscles of the vertebral column
  • Muscles of the rib cage and lateral walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
    Muscles of the pelvic floor
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2
Q

Muscles of the Head and Neck

A

Muscles of facial expression- move the skin of the face
Extra-oculur muscles- move the eyeball
Muscles of mastication- chewing muscles
Muscles of the tongue
Muscles of the pharynx- throat wall
Anterior muscles of the neck

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3
Q

Muscles of the Head and Neck- list

A
  • Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
  • Orbicularis oculi
  • Orbicularis oris
  • Buccinator
  • Platysma
  • Zygomaticus major
  • Zygomaticus minor
  • Sternal head of sternocleidomastoid
  • Clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid
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4
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the facial expressive muscles?

A

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

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5
Q

Superior rectus function

A

Draws the eye upward

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5
Q

Inferior rectus function

A

Draws the eye downward

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6
Q

Medial rectus function

A

Draws the eye medially

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7
Q

Lateral rectus function

A

Draws the eye laterally

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8
Q

Inferior oblique function

A

Draws the eye upward and laterally

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8
Q

Superior oblique function

A

Draws the eye downward and laterally

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9
Q

A patient is asked to look to their left. What muscle of the left eye allows for this action? What muscle of the right eye allows for this action?

A

The lateral rectus muscle of the left eye.
The medial rectus of the right eye.

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10
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Pterygoids
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11
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

CNV

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12
Q

What is the function of temporalis and masseter?

A

Elevation of the mandible. These muscles bring the biting surfaces of the teeth close to each other to allow for the crushing of food.

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13
Q

What are the muscles of the tongue? What is their function?

A

Ending in -glossus
- Palatoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
Help with the mechanical breakdown of food. Also help with swallowing.

14
Q

What are the muscles of the pharynx? Functions?

A
  • Tensor veli palatini
  • Levator veli palatini
  • Stylopharyngeus
  • Palatopharyngeus
  • Superior pharyngeal constrictor
  • Middle pharyngeal constrictor
  • Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
  • Salpingopharyngeus
  • Palatopharyngeus
  • Stylopharyngeus
    These muscles are working to move food from the oral cavity into the esophagus.
15
Q

Bilateral Contraction

A

Muscle is contracting on both sides of the body at the same time.

16
Q

Unilateral Contraction

A

Muscle is actively contracting on one side of the body.

17
Q

Ipsilateral Contraction

A

Body moves toward the same side on which contraction takes place.

18
Q

Contralateral Contraction

A

Body moves toward the opposite side on which contraction takes place.

19
Q

List the anterior muscles of the neck.

A

Digastric
Mylohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Sternocleidomastoid

20
Q

Movements of digastric and mylohyoid

A

Elevate hyoid and larynx

21
Q

Movements of sternohyoid/sternothyroid/omohyoid

A

Depress hyoid and larynx

22
Q

Movements of sternocleidomastoid (Unilateral and bilateral)

A

Unilateral: Same side lateral flexion, opposite side lateral rotation.
Bilateral: Flexion/extension of neck; forced breathing.

23
Q

Where does iliocostalis attach?

A

The ribs.

24
Q

What are the erector spinae muscles? List.

A

Powerful group of muscles consisting of 3 vertical columns of muscle; each column can be divided regionally.
Medial to lateral: Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis

25
Q

Movements of the erector spinae muscles (Bilateral and unilateral)

A

Bilateral: Extension of the vertebral column (straightening the back), reduces the movement of the spinal column
Unilateral: Same side lateral flexion and rotation

26
Q

What is the movement of splenius? Where is it located?

A

Extension of the cervical spine. Same side lateral flexion and rotation,
Located on the posterior skull- cervical spine.

27
Q

Where are the scalenes located? What is the movement?

A

Located on the posterior neck. The scalenes help with forced breathing (inspiration) and cervical stabilization. The action depends on which end of the muscle is pulling.

28
Q

What major nerve structure emerges between the anterior and middle scalene?

A

Roots of the brachial plexus (C5-T1).

29
Q

What is the function of the internal and external intercostals?

A

Maintain the stability of the intercostal spaces- makes sure the ribs move evenly relative to one another. Also assist with forced respiration.

30
Q

What are the functions of the external oblique, internal oblique, and rectus abdominus?

A

Spinal flexion (crunch motion) and abdominal compression (sucking in the gut). Essential for core stability.

31
Q

Movements of the diaphragm during the phases of breathing

A

Inhalation- the diaphragm moves down
Exhalation- the diaphragm moves up

32
Q

What are the muscles of the perineal region?

A

Urogenital triangle, anal triangle

Anatomy Final (11 decks)

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