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Anatomy Final > Lower Extremity Musculature > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicular musculature
Appendicular muscles are responsible for:

A
  • Stabilizing the pectoral and pelvic girdles
  • Moving the upper and lower limbs
  • Absorbing shocks and jolts as you walk, run, or jump
  • Aiding in strengthening the joint area
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2
Q

Muscles that move the thigh originate where and insert where?

A

These muscles originate in the pelvic region and typically insert on the femur.

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3
Q

Muscles that move the leg originate where and insert where?

A

These muscles originate on the pelvis and femur and insert on the tibia and/or fibula.

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4
Q

Where do the extrinsic muscles that move the foot and toes originate and insert?

A

These muscles originate on the tibia and fibula and insert on the tarsals, metatarsals, and/or phalanges.

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5
Q

Where do the intrinsic muscles of the foot originate and insert?

A

These muscles originate primarily on the tarsal and metatarsal bones and insert on the phalanges.

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6
Q

What movements can we perform at the hip joint?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial/internal rotation, lateral/external rotation, circumduction

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7
Q

What movements can we perform at the knee joint?

A

Flexion, extension

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8
Q

What movements can we perform at the ankle joint?

A

Plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, eversion

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9
Q

What are the four groups of muscles that move the thigh? They originate on the pelvis and many are large and powerful.

A

Gluteal group
Lateral rotator group
Adductor group
Iliopsoas group

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10
Q

What are the gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximum
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

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11
Q

Function of Gluteus maximus

A

Extension/lateral rotation at the hip; attaches to IT band

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12
Q

Function of Gluteus medius

A

Abduction at hip; assists with pelvic stabilization during running/walking

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13
Q

Function of Gluteus minimus

A

Flexion/medial rotation/abduction at hip; assists with pelvic stabilization during running/walking

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14
Q

Function of Tensor fasciae latae

A

Weak flexion/abduction at the hip; attaches to IT band

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15
Q

Muscles of the lateral rotator group

A

Obturator muscles
Piriformis
Gemelli muscles
Quadratus femoris

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16
Q

What is the function of the lateral rotator group (Obturator muscles, piriformis, gemelli muscles, quadratus femoris)?

A

Lateral rotation at the hip; also help to hold the femoral head into the hip socket

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17
Q

List the lateral rotator group

A

Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Obturator internus
Inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris

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18
Q

What nerve travels under piriformis muscle?

A

Sciatic nerve

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19
Q

What are the muscles of the adductor group?

A

Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis

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20
Q

What is the function of the muscles of the adductor group (Adductor brevis, Adductor longus, Adductor magnus, Pectineus, Gracilis)

A

Hip adduction; these muscles can be torn and are associated with groin pulls/strains

21
Q

What are the muscles of the iliopsoas group?

A

Iliacus
Psoas major

21
Q

What are the functions of the iliopsoas group (Iliacus, Psoas major)?

A

These muscles are the main hip flexors.

22
Q

What are the extensors of the knee collectively called, and what are their components?

A

Quadriceps femoris.
Includes:
- Vastus intermedius
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Rectus femoris

23
Q

What are the flexors of the knee collectively called, and what are their components?

A

Hamstrings.
- Biceps femoris
- Semimebranosus
- Semitendinosus

24
Q

What are the key movements of the flexors of the knee (hamstrings- biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus)?

A

Knee flexion and hip extension.

25
Q

What are the flexors of the knee?

A

Sartorius
Popliteus

26
Q

What is the difference between the extrinsic muscles of the foot and the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Extrinsic muscles of the foot: Muscles that originate on the distal end of the femur or on the tibia or fibula and move the foot and toes.

Intrinsic muscles of the foot: Muscles that originate on some aspect of the foot and move the toes

27
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
Fibularis brevis
Fibularis longus
Plantaris
Soleus
Tibialis posterior

28
Q

What is the function of Tibialis anterior?

A

Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

29
Q

What is the function of Gastrocnemius?

A

Plantarflexion of foot; knee flexion

30
Q

What is the function of Fibularis brevis?

A

Eversion of foot

31
Q

What is the function of Fibularis longus?

A

Eversion of foot

32
Q

What is the function of Plantaris?

A

Very weak plantarflexion; knee flexion

33
Q

What is the function of Soleus?

A

Plantarflexion of foot

34
Q

What is the function of Tibialis posterior?

A

Inversion of foot

35
Q

What are the muscles that move the foot and toes?

A

Calcaneal tendon
Superior extensor retinaculum
Inferior extensor retinaculum

36
Q

What is a more common name for the calcaneal tendon?

A

Achilles’ tendon

37
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

38
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
Lumbricals
Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Plantar aponeurosis

39
Q

What happens when the plantar aponeurosis is inflamed?

A

Leads to plantar fasciitis

40
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Quadratus plantae
Adductor hallucis
Plantar interossei
Extensor digitorum brevis
Dorsal interossei

41
Q

What are the compartments of the thigh?

A

Medial and lateral intermuscular septa
The thigh is divided into compartments:
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Medial

42
Q

What compartments is the leg divided into?

A

Anterior
Lateral
Superficial posterior
Deep posterior

43
Q

Compartment syndrome may require what

A

A fasciotomy

44
Q

What are the nerves within the Lumbar plexus?

A

Iliohypogastric nerve
Ilio-inguinal nerve
Lateral fermoral cutaneous nerve
Genitofemoral nerve
Femoral nerve
Obturator nerve

45
Q

What are the nerves within the Sacral plexus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Sciatic nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Pudendal nerve

46
Q

Sciatic Nerve

A

The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body. It originates from the ventral rami of L4-S3 and innervates the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and adductor magnus.

47
Q

What happens due to issues with the sciatic nerve?

A

Issues with the sciatic nerve can affect myscle function and skin sensation in the leg and foot regions.

Anatomy Final (11 decks)

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