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Anatomy Final > Lower Extremity Musculature > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicular musculature
Appendicular muscles are responsible for:

A
  • Stabilizing the pectoral and pelvic girdles
  • Moving the upper and lower limbs
  • Absorbing shocks and jolts as you walk, run, or jump
  • Aiding in strengthening the joint area
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2
Q

Muscles that move the thigh originate where and insert where?

A

These muscles originate in the pelvic region and typically insert on the femur.

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3
Q

Muscles that move the leg originate where and insert where?

A

These muscles originate on the pelvis and femur and insert on the tibia and/or fibula.

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4
Q

Where do the extrinsic muscles that move the foot and toes originate and insert?

A

These muscles originate on the tibia and fibula and insert on the tarsals, metatarsals, and/or phalanges.

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5
Q

Where do the intrinsic muscles of the foot originate and insert?

A

These muscles originate primarily on the tarsal and metatarsal bones and insert on the phalanges.

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6
Q

What movements can we perform at the hip joint?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial/internal rotation, lateral/external rotation, circumduction

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7
Q

What movements can we perform at the knee joint?

A

Flexion, extension

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8
Q

What movements can we perform at the ankle joint?

A

Plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, eversion

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9
Q

What are the four groups of muscles that move the thigh? They originate on the pelvis and many are large and powerful.

A

Gluteal group
Lateral rotator group
Adductor group
Iliopsoas group

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10
Q

What are the gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximum
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

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11
Q

Function of Gluteus maximus

A

Extension/lateral rotation at the hip; attaches to IT band

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12
Q

Function of Gluteus medius

A

Abduction at hip; assists with pelvic stabilization during running/walking

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13
Q

Function of Gluteus minimus

A

Flexion/medial rotation/abduction at hip; assists with pelvic stabilization during running/walking

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14
Q

Function of Tensor fasciae latae

A

Weak flexion/abduction at the hip; attaches to IT band

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15
Q

Muscles of the lateral rotator group

A

Obturator muscles
Piriformis
Gemelli muscles
Quadratus femoris

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16
Q

What is the function of the lateral rotator group (Obturator muscles, piriformis, gemelli muscles, quadratus femoris)?

A

Lateral rotation at the hip; also help to hold the femoral head into the hip socket

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17
Q

List the lateral rotator group

A

Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Obturator internus
Inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris

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18
Q

What nerve travels under piriformis muscle?

A

Sciatic nerve

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19
Q

What are the muscles of the adductor group?

A

Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis

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20
Q

What is the function of the muscles of the adductor group (Adductor brevis, Adductor longus, Adductor magnus, Pectineus, Gracilis)

A

Hip adduction; these muscles can be torn and are associated with groin pulls/strains

21
Q

What are the muscles of the iliopsoas group?

A

Iliacus
Psoas major

21
Q

What are the functions of the iliopsoas group (Iliacus, Psoas major)?

A

These muscles are the main hip flexors.

22
Q

What are the extensors of the knee collectively called, and what are their components?

A

Quadriceps femoris.
Includes:
- Vastus intermedius
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Rectus femoris

23
Q

What are the flexors of the knee collectively called, and what are their components?

A

Hamstrings.
- Biceps femoris
- Semimebranosus
- Semitendinosus

24
What are the key movements of the flexors of the knee (hamstrings- biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus)?
Knee flexion and hip extension.
25
What are the flexors of the knee?
Sartorius Popliteus
26
What is the difference between the extrinsic muscles of the foot and the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
Extrinsic muscles of the foot: Muscles that originate on the distal end of the femur or on the tibia or fibula and move the foot and toes. Intrinsic muscles of the foot: Muscles that originate on some aspect of the foot and move the toes
27
What are the extrinsic muscles of the foot?
Tibialis anterior Gastrocnemius Fibularis brevis Fibularis longus Plantaris Soleus Tibialis posterior
28
What is the function of Tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
29
What is the function of Gastrocnemius?
Plantarflexion of foot; knee flexion
30
What is the function of Fibularis brevis?
Eversion of foot
31
What is the function of Fibularis longus?
Eversion of foot
32
What is the function of Plantaris?
Very weak plantarflexion; knee flexion
33
What is the function of Soleus?
Plantarflexion of foot
34
What is the function of Tibialis posterior?
Inversion of foot
35
What are the muscles that move the foot and toes?
Calcaneal tendon Superior extensor retinaculum Inferior extensor retinaculum
36
What is a more common name for the calcaneal tendon?
Achilles' tendon
37
What are the extrinsic muscles of the foot?
Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus
38
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi Lumbricals Flexor hallucis brevis Flexor digiti minimi brevis Plantar aponeurosis
39
What happens when the plantar aponeurosis is inflamed?
Leads to plantar fasciitis
40
What are the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
Quadratus plantae Adductor hallucis Plantar interossei Extensor digitorum brevis Dorsal interossei
41
What are the compartments of the thigh?
Medial and lateral intermuscular septa The thigh is divided into compartments: - Anterior - Posterior - Medial
42
What compartments is the leg divided into?
Anterior Lateral Superficial posterior Deep posterior
43
Compartment syndrome may require what
A fasciotomy
44
What are the nerves within the Lumbar plexus?
Iliohypogastric nerve Ilio-inguinal nerve Lateral fermoral cutaneous nerve Genitofemoral nerve Femoral nerve Obturator nerve
45
What are the nerves within the Sacral plexus?
Superior gluteal nerve Inferior gluteal nerve Sciatic nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Pudendal nerve
46
Sciatic Nerve
The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body. It originates from the ventral rami of L4-S3 and innervates the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and adductor magnus.
47
What happens due to issues with the sciatic nerve?
Issues with the sciatic nerve can affect myscle function and skin sensation in the leg and foot regions.

Anatomy Final (11 decks)

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