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Anatomy Final > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The integumentary system is composed of:

A
  • Skin (main component)
  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Sweat glands
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Mammary glands
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2
Q

What are sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and mammary glands examples of?

A

Exocrine glands- secretion through ducts

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3
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A
  • Protection
  • Thermoregulation
  • Synthesis of hormones
  • Sensation
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4
Q

What are the two subcomponents of the cutaneous membrane (skin)?

A

Epidermis and dermis

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5
Q

Epidermis

A
  • Protects dermis from trauma, chemicals
  • Controls skin permeability, and prevents water loss
  • Prevents entry of pathogens
  • Synthesizes vitamin D3
  • Sensory receptors detect touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
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6
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis, which is superficial and which is deeper?

A

Papillary layer and Reticular layer.
The Papillary layer is superficial.

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7
Q

Papillary layer of the dermis

A

Nourishes and supports epidermis

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8
Q

Reticular layer of the dermis

A
  • Restricts spread of pathogens penetrating epidermis
  • Stores lipids
  • Attaches skin to deeper tissues
  • Sensory receptors detect touch, pressure, pain, vibration, and temperature
  • Blood vessels assist in thermoregulation
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9
Q

What are the accessory structures of the integumentary system?

A

Hair follicles
Exocrine glands
Nails

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10
Q

Function of hair follices

A
  • Produce hairs that protect skull
  • Produce hairs that provide delicate touch sensations on general body surface
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11
Q

Function of Exocrine glands

A
  • Assist in thermoregulation
  • Excrete wastes
  • Lubricate epidermis
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12
Q

Function of Nails

A
  • Protect and support tips of fingers and toes
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13
Q

What attaches to the hair follicle (muscle)?

A

Arrector pilli muscle (goosebumps)

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14
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A

Physical protection- containment of internal structures
Regulation of body temperature
Excretion of products- sweat, oil, etc
Synthesis of products- sunlight exposure key for Vitamin D synthesis
Sensation- awareness of environment
Immune defense- protection from pathogens

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15
Q

What are the four cell types found in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Merkel cells
Langerhans cells

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16
Q

Function of keratinocytes

A

Keratin is a major structural protein of integumentray structures; it attracts water

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17
Q

Function of melanocytes

A

Produce pigments; melanin protects us from UV rays

18
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis, from most superficial to deepest?

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

19
Q

Stratum Corneum

A
  • Contains multiple layers of flattened, dead, interlocking keratinocytes
  • Typically is relatively dry
  • Water resistant but not waterproof
  • permits slow water loss by insensible perspiration
20
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Appears as a glassy layer in thick skin only

21
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A
  • Keratinocytes produce keratohyalin and keratin
  • Keratin fibers develop as cells become thinner and flatter
  • Gradually, the cell membranes thicken, the organelles disintegrate, and the cells die
22
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A
  • Keratinocytes are bound together by maculae adherens attached to tonofibrils of the cytoskeleton
  • Some keratinocytes divide in this layer
  • Langerhans cells and melanocytes are often present
23
Q

Stratum Basale

A
  • Is the deepest, basal layer
  • Attachment to basal lamina
  • Contains epidermal basal (stem) cells, melanocytes, and Merkel cells
24
Q

What is below the Stratum basale?

A

Dermis

25
Q

Where is thick skin found?

A

Palms and soles of feet- friction higher in these areas so thicker skin is needed. Made of five layers of cells (including stratum lucidum)

26
Q

Where is thin skin found?

A

Rest of the body besides palms and soles of feet. Made of four layers of cells. because the stratum lucidum is typically absent

27
Q

What structure does the stratum basale form?

A

Dermal ridges. These ridges (dermal papillae) extend into the dermis, creating the ridges we call fingerprints. The dermal ridges are part of the epidermis.

28
Q

What are the unencapsulated tactile receptors?

A

Free nerve endings
Root hair plexus
Tactile disc

29
Q

Free nerve endings

A

A type of unencapsulated tactile receptor.
Common in the dermis.
Sensitive to pain, heat, cold.

30
Q

Root hair plexus

A

A type of unencapsulated tactile receptor.
Associated with hair follicles.
Monitors distortions and movements of hairs on the body surface.

31
Q

Tactile discs

A

A type of unencapsulated tactile receptor.
Free nerve endings synapse with Merkel cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis. Sensitive to light contact with skin.

32
Q

What are the encapsulated tactile receptors?

A

Tactile corpuscle
Bulbous corpuscle
Lamellar corpuscle

33
Q

Tactile corpuscle

A

A type of encapsulated tactile receptor.
Common on eyelids, lips, fingertips, nipples, and external genitalia
Sensitive to initial contact and low-frequency fibration

34
Q

Bulbous corpuscle

A

A type of encapsulated tactile receptor
Associated with collagen in the dermis
Sensitive to stretching and distortion of the dermis

35
Q

Lamellar corpuscle

A

A type of encapsulated tactile receptor
Consists of concentric cellular layers
Sensitive to deep pressure and high-frequency vibrations

36
Q

Types of Skin Cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma- common
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma- more serious and can spread to other areas

37
Q

Jaundice

A

A condition where bilirubin is not expelled from the body as it should be. Bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin when RBCs are recycled. Liver and gallbladder disorders cause jaundice. You would see yellowing of the skin and the white parts of the eye.

38
Q

Tension Lines/Cleavage Lines

A
  • Collagen and elastic fibers have a tendency to organize themselves in a aparallel pattern
    Ib certain areas of the body, there is a pattern of cleavage lines due to stress or a specific type of movement
    To reduce scar formation (extensive damage to the fibers), surgeons try to cut parallel to the lines of cleavage
39
Q

Aging and the Integumentary System

A
  • Epidermis becomes thinner
  • Vitamin D3 production decreases
  • Melanocyte activity declines
  • Glandular activity decreases
  • Blood supply to the dermis decreases
  • Hair follicles stop functioning
  • Dermis and its elastic fiber network become thinner
  • Skin repairs proceed more slowly
40
Q

The Subcutaneous Layer

A
  • Important in stabilizing the position of the skin in relation to underlying tissues, while still permitting independent movement
  • Consists of loose connective tissue with abundant adipocytes

Anatomy Final (11 decks)

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