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Anatomy Final > Extra Review Questions > Flashcards

Extra Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following bones does not belong in the distal row of carpal bones?

A. Capitate
B. Hamate
C. Trapezoid
D. Triquetrum
E. Trapezium

A

D. Triquetrum

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2
Q

True/False: Keratinocytes are the skin cells that produce the pigment that creates our skin tone

A

False; melanocytes do this

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3
Q

Which extraocular muscles creates adduction of the eyeball (that is, draws the eyeball toward the midline)?

A

The medial rectus muscle

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4
Q

The head of the ulna is found at its [proximal/distal] end

A

Distal

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5
Q

What joint represents the sole connection between the axial and appendicular skeleton?

A

The sternoclavicular joint

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6
Q

The posterior head of the deltoid muscle, by itself, primarily creates which movements?

A

Extension of the arm at the shoulder

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7
Q

In the male body, list the order of the regiuons of the urethra starting from the bladder and moving externally to the outside of the body

A

Prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra

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8
Q

The piece of connective tissue (a thick ligament) that helps create the carpal tunnel by acting as its ceiling is called the what?

A

Flexor retinaculum

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9
Q

The rhomboid muscles cause what movements?

A

Mainly retraction of the scapula; a little bit of scapular elevation; inferior/downward rotation of the scapula

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10
Q

The deeper portion of the dermis is known as the _______ layer

A

Reticular

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11
Q

On which day does the process of ovulation typically occur?

A

Day 14

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12
Q

Which of the following structures of the uterus sits most superiorly?

A. Fundus
B. Body
C. External os
D. Cervix
E. Internal os

A

A. Fundus

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13
Q

In fetal circulation, blood travels from the placenta to the fetal body through the _______.

A

Umbilical vein (only one)

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14
Q

The three germ layers associated with embryological development are called…

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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15
Q

The greater trochanter feature is found on which lower limb bone?

A

The femur

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16
Q

True/False: The ulna bone does not move during pronation and supination movements of the forearm.

A

True; the radius bone is the one that moves during these actions.

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17
Q

Which of the following options would not create dorsiflexion of the foot?
A. Tibialis anterior
B. Extensor hallucis longus
C. Soleus
D. Gastrocnemius
E. Two answer choices are correct

A

E.
Gastrocnemius and soleus are both correct because they are both plantarflexors of the foot.

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18
Q

The sciatic nerve originates from which plexus?

A

Sacral plexus

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19
Q

The femoral nerve originates from what plexus?

A

Lumbar plexus

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20
Q

What layer of the epidermis is found in thick skin only?

A

Stratum lucidum

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21
Q

True/False: The ureter carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

A

False; the ureter carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

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22
Q

True/False: The kidney is found in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen.

A

False; the kidney is found in the retroperitoneal cavity of the abdomen

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23
Q

What are the structures that enter/exit the kidney at the renal hilum?

A

Renal artery, renal vein, ureter

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24
Q

What is the name of the muscle that wraps around the spermatic cord and the ipsilateral testis in the male body?

A

Cremaster muscle

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25
Q

True/False: The kidneys are only partially covered by the ribs

A

True; the ribcage does not completely encase the kidneys

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26
Q

When the forearm is supinated, what forearm bone sits on the lateral side (thumb side)?

A

The radius

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27
Q

The hip socket feature of the hip bone is called what?

A

Acetabulum

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28
Q

What do you call the small muscles that attach to the hair follicles in our skin?

A

Arrector pili muscles

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29
Q

What word is used to refer to the general process of prenatal development?

A

Gestation

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30
Q

A trimester during pregnancy represents about what length of time?

A

3 months

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31
Q

Think about the embryonic layers around the fetal body. Does the amnion lie external to the chorion?

A

No; the amnion is internal to the chorion.

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32
Q

What is the technical term for fetal expulsion during labor?

A

Parturition

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33
Q

What do you call the form of skin cancer that can migrate to other areas?

A

Melanoma

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34
Q

Tension lines of the skin are formed primarily in the?

A

Dermis

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35
Q

True/False: As we age, the epidermis will typically get thinner.

A

True

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36
Q

The renal medulla represents the [internl/external] aspect of the kidney

A

Internal

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37
Q

As we age, the urethral sphincters will have ____ muscle tone

A

Decreased

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38
Q

Which muscle is responsible for moving the scalp back and forth, which includes the raising of the eyebrows?

A

Occipitofrontalis

39
Q

Which extraocular muscle moves the eyeball both laterally and inferiorly?

A

Superior oblique

40
Q

How many different segments of the scalene muscles do we have one either side of the deep neck?

A

Three (anterior, middle, posterior segments)

41
Q

What muscular column sits most medially of the erector spinae group in the back?

A

Spinalis

42
Q

What is an action that occurs when the erector spinae group contracts bilaterally?

A

Extension of the spinal/vertebral column

43
Q

True/False: The styloid processes of the radius and the ulna bones lie at the opposite ends of the forearm.

A

False; the styloid processes of both bones lie at their distal ends (at the wrist)

44
Q

What are the three phases of labor during fetal delivery?

A
  1. Dilation
  2. Expulsion
  3. Placental
45
Q

What are the primary examples of circulatory bypasses that seal off after we are born? That is, provide the specific names of the two main bypasses in the heart that seal off.

A
  1. Foramen ovale
  2. Ductus arteriosus
46
Q

Name any three muscles that are part of the muscular group that can adduct the thigh at the hip joint.

A

Adductor longus; adductor magnus; adductor brevis; pectineus; gracilis

47
Q

How many metatarsal bones would you typically find in the left foot?

A

Five (one corresponding to each digit/toe)

48
Q

The hip socket feature is visually seen on the _________ side of the hip bone

A

Lateral

49
Q

True/False: The sacrum and coccyx on the female pelvis project more anteriorly compared to that of the male pelvis

A

False; the sacrum and coccyx should project more inferiorly. That is, they would be more vertical compared to the male pelvis. This allows a greater opening for the pelvic outlet (think childbearing and fetal delivery)

50
Q

True/False: The distal end of the femur does not physically connect with the fibula of the leg

A

True; it is only touching the tibia bone of the leg

51
Q

What do you call the smooth muscle that is present within the wall of the urinary bladder?

A

Detrusor muscle

52
Q

Consider two joints in the body (joint A and joint B). If joint A has greater mobility compared to joint B, then joint A has the (higher/lower) potential for instability in the body compared to joint B.

A

Higher

53
Q

If a muscle originated on the anterior surface of the femur, crossed the knee joint anteriorly, and then inserted onto the proximal tibia, the primary action(s) associated with this muscle would be…

A

Knee extension

54
Q

If a patient had issues with adducting the thigh at the hip joint (think about the medial thigh muscles),. this might suggest nerve conduction issues with which nerve of the lower limb?

A

Obturator nerve- this nerve supplies the medial thigh muscles (the adductor group)

55
Q

True/False: The sweat and sebaceous glands of the skin rely on the bloodstream to transport their secretions

A

False; they are examples of exocrine glands that rely on ducts to move their secretions, not the blood

56
Q

True/False: The integumentary system does not provide the motor innervation to the skeletal muscles of the body

A

True. It provides sensory innervation to the skin, but it does not conduct motor signals to our skeletal muscles

57
Q

What are the primary examples of accessory structures of the integumentary system?

A

Hair; nails; exocrine glands (sweat; sebaceous; mammary)

58
Q

True/False: When we are cold, the arrector pili muscles of the skin will contract and cause the hair of our skin to stand up- this helps create an insulating effect on the body

A

True. These small muscles play a key role in creating this insulating layer which help with heat retention

59
Q

What are the main examples of the connective tissue structures that insulate and protect the kidney?

A

Fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia

60
Q

What structure sits directly on the superior surface of the kidney?

A

The adrenal gland

61
Q

As urine exits the kidney, the urine encounters the renal pelvis (before/after) a major calyx

A

After

62
Q

The collecting duct in the kidney comes directly after what part of the nephron?

A

The distal convoluted tubule

63
Q

What part of the male urethra passes through the external urethral sphincter?

A

The membranous urethra

64
Q

The external urethral sphincter provides (voluntary/involuntary) control

A

This sphincter is made of skeletal muscle, so it will be under conscious (voluntary) control

65
Q

Imagine a muscle that is part of the axial musculature. Could this muscle originate, or insert, onto the humerus or the femur?

A

No.
The axial muscles can originate or insert onto parts of the axial skeleton. They cannot attach to parts of the appendicular skeleton. The humerus and femur are part of the appendicular skeleton (limb bony structures)

66
Q

If a muscle had
‘-glossus’ as part of its name, then this muscle would be a part of what major structure?

A

The tongue

67
Q

If the body were said to be moving ipsilaterally, then this means the body is moving toward the (opposite/dame) side of the body on which a particular muscle is contracting unilaterally

A

Same

68
Q

The digastric and mylohyoid muscles of the neck would be primarily creating what actions/movements?

A

Elevation of the hyoid bone and larynx

69
Q

Think about the iliocostalis muscle of the back. The superior ends of its segments are primarily inserting onto what bony structure?

A

The ribs

70
Q

During exhalation, the diaphragm (contracts/relaxes) and it (descends/ascends)

A

Relaxes and ascends

71
Q

What are the primary actions of the oblique and rectus abdominis muscles of the abdominal wall when they are contracting bilaterally?

A

Flexion of the spinal column (crunch motion). Compression of the torso/abdominal cavity (tightening the abdominal wall- sucking in the gut).

72
Q

If a patient were struggling with urinary incontinence (lack of control of urination) or urinary leakage, this might suggest weakness in what set of muscles?

A

The pelvic floor muscles.

73
Q

What major neural structures emerge in between the anterior and middle scalene muscles?

A

Roots of the brachial plexus (C5-T1)

74
Q

When we refer to the pectoral girdle, what set of bony structures are we referring to?

A

The clavicles and the scapulae (the bony structures that form our shoulder)

75
Q

The acromion process of the scapula sticks out on its (medial/lateral) side

A

Lateral

76
Q

What are all the possible actions that the scapula can participate in?

A

Elevation; depression; protraction (scapular abduction); retraction (scapular adduction); superior rotation, inferior rotation

77
Q

The lateral malleolus is a feature found on what lower limb bone?

A

The fibula

78
Q

True/False: The malleoli bony features are found at the ankle.

A

True. The medial malleolus is on the tibia. The lateral malleolus is on the fibula.

79
Q

Consider two muscles (muscle A and muscle B). Imagine they operate at the same joint. If muscle B has an insertion point that is more distal compared to that of muscle A, then muscle B would be regarded as a (spurt/shunt) muscle.

A

Shunt

80
Q

What are the names of the muscles that comprise the hamstring group (posterior thigh)?

A

Biceps femoris (long head, short head); Semitendinosus; semimebranosus

81
Q

Is it possible for a muscle to insert onto (and position) the pectoral girdle while having origin points on the axial skeleton?

A

Yes, this is possible. A primary example would be the trapezius muscle. It positions the shoulder by inserting onto the scapula and clavicle. Trapezius has origin points from the spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae, along with the skull. Other examples would include the rhomboid muscles and levator scapulae.

82
Q

What is the technical term for childbirth (the labor and delivery process)?

A

Parturition

83
Q

True/False: During the neonatal peropd, the heart rate of the newborn is lower compared to heart rate in utero.

A

True. Heart rate is higher in the child in utero. After birth, the child’s heart rate decreases.

84
Q

If there is a decrease in intrathoracic volume, this means the diaphragm is (contracting/relaxing)

A

Relaxing

85
Q

What do you call the two main connective tissue structures that attach/connect to the patella?

A

Quadriceps tendon; patellar ligament

86
Q

The inferior end of the tibia rests directly on top of which tarsal bone?

A

Talus

87
Q

What is a primary function of the internal intercostal muscles? Also, where are the internal intercostal muscles found?

A

The internal intercostals are found in the chest wall. They sit between adjacent ribs. These muscles mainly work to depress the ribs.

88
Q

What are the possible actions that can take place at the ankle joint?

A

Inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion

89
Q

What do you call the muscle in the cheeks that keeps the wall of the mouth away from the biting surfaces of our teeth?

A

Buccinator

90
Q

What is the bony feature that we sit on? It is something located at the far inferior end of the hip bone.

A

Ischial tuberosity

91
Q

What is the name of the biochemical process in which spermatozoa are modified in order to be able to fertilize an oocyte?

A

Capacitation

92
Q

Capacitation occurs where?

A

Epididymis

93
Q
A

Anatomy Final (11 decks)

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