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Upper Extremity Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A
  • C8-T1, medial cord, ulnar nerve (deep branch)
  • O: pisiform
  • I: base of 5th digit proximal phalanx
  • A: Abducts 5th finger
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2
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

A
  • C8-T1, medial cord, median nerve
  • O: scaphoid, trapezium, flexor retinaculum
  • I: lateral proximal phalanx
  • A: thumb abduction
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3
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A
  • C7-C8, posterior cord, radial nerve, PIN
  • O: middle of interosseous membrane
  • I: base of 1st metacarpal
  • A: abducts thumb
  • Involved with DeQuervains synovitis
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4
Q

Anconeus

A
  • C6-C7-C8, posterior cord, radial nerve (spared in neuropathy at spiral groove)
  • O: lateral epicondyle
  • I: lateral olecranon, posterior ulna
  • A: extend elbow
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5
Q

Biceps brachii

A
  • C5-C6, Lateral cord, Musculocutaneous nerve
  • O:
    • Short head - Coracoid process
    • Long head - Supraglenoid tuberosity of scapula
  • I: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
  • A: elbow flexion and forearm supination
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6
Q

Brachialis

A
  • C5-C6, lateral cord, musculocutaneous nerve
  • O: distal anterior humerus
  • I: coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
  • A: elbow flexion
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7
Q

Brachioradialis

A
  • C5-C6, posterior cord, radial nerve (below the spiral groove)
  • O: lateral ridge of distal humerus
  • I: lateral distal radius
  • A: Flex elbow
  • May be abnormal in lesions at the spiral groove but spared in PIN palsy
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8
Q

Coracobrachialis

A
  • C6-C7, lateral cord, musculocutaneous nerve
  • O: coracoid proces
  • I: middle medial humerus
  • A: flex and addcut arm at the shoulder
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9
Q

Deltoid

A
  • C5-C6, Posterior cord, Axillary nerve
  • O: clavical, acromion, spine of scapula
  • I: humerus
  • A: flexion, abduction, external rotation
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10
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A
  • 4 muscles
  • C8-T1, medial cord, ulnar nerve (deep branch)
  • O: metacarpal bones and extensor expansions
  • I: proximal phalanx - either side of digit 3, outside of digits 2 and 4.
  • A: moves third finger medial and lateral. Abduct 2nd and 4th digit away from midling
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11
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A
  • C6-C7, posterior cord, radial nerve
  • O: lateral epicondyle
  • I: base of 3rd metacarpal
  • A: extend and radial deviation of wrist
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12
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A
  • C6-C7, posterior cord, radial nerve
  • O: lateral supracondylar ridge
  • I: longus: base of 2nd metacarpal
  • A: extend and radial deviation of wrist
  • ECRL is only forearm extensor spared in PIN nerve palsy
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13
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A
  • C7-C8, Posterior cord, radial nerve, PIN
  • O: lateral epicondyle and posterior surface of ulnar (common extensor tendon)
  • I: base of 5th metacarpal
  • A: Extend and ulnar deviate the wrist
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14
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A
  • C6-C7-C8, posterior cord, radial nerve, PIN
  • O: lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)
  • I: base of 5th proximal phalanx/extensor expansion
  • A: 5th finger extension at all joints
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15
Q

Extensor Digitorum Communis

A
  • C7-C8, posterior cord, radial nerve, PIN
  • O: lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)
  • I: base of proximal phalanges/extensor expansions
  • A: extend at MCP and wrist
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16
Q

Extensor Indicis Propius

A
  • C7-C8, posterior cord, radial nerve, PIN
  • O: distal third of posterior ulna and interosseous membrane
  • I: extensor hood of index finger
  • A: extend index finger
  • Most distal radial innervated muscle
  • needle insertion: 3 finger breadths distal to ulnar styloid
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17
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A
  • C7-C8, posterior cord, radial nerve, PIN
  • O: distal third of radius and interosseous membrand
  • I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
  • A: Extend thumb at CMC and MCP
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18
Q

Extensor Pollicis Longus

A
  • C7-C8, posterior cord, radial nerve, PIN
  • O: middle third of ulna
  • I: distal phalanx of thumb
  • A: extend thumb at distal phalanx
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19
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A
  • C6-C7, lateral cord, median nerve
  • O: medial epicondyle
  • I: base of 2nd metatarsal
  • A: wrist flexion and adduction
  • needle insertion: four finger breadths distal to midpoint of biceps tendon and medial epicondyle in a line to center of the wrist
  • abnormal in pronator syndrome
20
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A
  • C8-T1, medial cord, ulnar nerve
  • O
    • Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
    • Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior ulna
  • I: pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal
  • A: wrist flexion and adduction
  • Part of ulnar trio with nerve and artery just lateral to FCU tendon at the wrist
21
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A
  • (2,3) C7-C8-T1, medial cord, median nerve, AIN needle insertion: 3-4 fingerbreadths distal to olecranon
  • (4,5) C7-C8-T1, medial cord, ulnar nerve
  • O: proximal anterior ulna and interosseous membrane
  • I: distal phalanx of digits 2-5
  • A: flex digits 2-5 at DIP
22
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A
  • C7-C8, medial-lateral cords, median nerve
  • O:
    • Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle and coronoid process
    • Radial Head: proximal anterior radius
  • I: middle phalanges of digits 2-5
  • A: flex PIP and MCP of digits 2-5
  • needle insertion: just medial to midpoint between biceps tendon and mid-wrist
23
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

A
  • C8-T1, medial cord, median and ulnar nerves needle insertion: just medial to APB
  • O:
    • Superfical head: flexor retinaculum
    • Deep head: trapezoid and capitate
  • I: lateral proximal phalanx of thumb
  • A: Flex thumb at CMC
24
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus

A
  • C7-C8-T1, lateral and medial cords, median nerve, AIN
  • O: Anterior middle of radius
  • I: distal phalanx of thumb
  • A: flex thumb at IP joint
  • needle insertion: one third distance up the wrist over the radius
25
Infraspinatus
* **C5-C6**, Upper trunk, Suprascapular nerve * O: infraspinous fossa * I: greater tuberosity of humerus * A: external rotation
26
Latissimus dorsi
* C6-**C7**-C8, Posterior cord, Thoracodorsal nerve * O: T7 - T12 spinous process, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest * I: intertubercular groove of humerus * A: adduction, internal rotation, extension
27
Levator Scapulae
* C3, C4 (cervical nerve) and C5 (dorsal scapular nerve) * O: transverse process of C1- C4 * I: superior medial border of the scapula * A: elevates the scapula
28
Lumbricals
* 1 and 2 innervated by median nerve (C8-T1) * 3 and 4 innervated by ulnar nerve (C8-T1) * O: FDP tendon sheath (1/2 are unipennate where 3/4 are bipennate) * I: radial side of extensor expansion of digits 1-4 * A: flex at MCP, extned IP joints
29
Opponens Pollicis
* **C8-T1**, medial cord, median nerve (deep to APB) * O: trapezium and flexor retinaculum * I: 1st metacarpal * A: thumb opposition
30
Palmar interossei
* 3 muscles * C8-T1, medial cord, ulnar nerve (deep branch) * O: 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals (side closest to 3rd digit) and extensor expansions * I: base of proxiaml phalanx on side closest to 3rd digit * A: Adduct to axial line
31
Pectoralis Major
* C5-**C6-C7-C8**-T1, Medial and lateral cords, Medial (sternal) and lateral (clavicular) pectoral nerves * O: sternum and medial 2/3 of clavicle * I: intertubercular groove of humerus * A: adduction, internal rotation
32
Pectoralis Minor
* C7-C8-T1, medial cord, medial pectoral nerve * O: Ribs 3-5 * I: coracoid process * A: scapular depression
33
Pronator Quadratus
* C7-**C8**-T1, lateral and medial cords, median nerve, AIN * O: distal 1/4 of ulna * I: distal 1/4 of radius * A: pronate forearm * needle insertion: dorsal forearm three finger breadths proximal to midpoint between styloids.
34
Pronator Teres
* **C6-C7**, lateral cord median nerve * O: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna * I: lateral mid-shaft of radius * A: Pronates forearm * needle insertion: two finger breadths distal to midpoint of biceps tendon and medial epicondyle
35
Rhomboids
* C4-**C5**, dorsal scapular nerve * O: * minor: nuchal ligament and C7-T1 spinous process * major: T2-T5 spinous process * I: medial border of the scapula * A: elevate and retract sapula, rotate glenoid inferiorly
36
Serratus Anterior
* **C5-C6-C7**, long thoracic nerve * O: Anterior ribs 1 - 9 * I: medial border of scapula * A: protracts scapula, rotate glenoid cavity upward * Often abnormal in neuralgic amyotrophy
37
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
* Spinal accessory nerve (XI) * O: medial clavicular head, sternum * I: mastoid process * A: ipsilateral flexion, contralateral rotation
38
Subclavius
* C5, C6 - Upper trunk - nerve to the subclavius * O: inferior middle 1/3 of clavical * I: first rib * A: anchor and depress clavical
39
Subscapularis
* C5-C6, Posterior cord, Upper and lower subscapular nerves * O: subscapular fossa * I: lesser tuberosity of humerus * A: internal rotation and adduction
40
Supraspinatus
* **C5-C6**, Upper trunk, Suprascapular nerve * O: spine of the scapula * I: greater tuberosity of the humerus * A: shoulder abduction * Spared in neuropathy at the spinoglenoid notch
41
Teres Major
* C5-C6, Posterior cord, Lower subscapular nerve * O: inferior angle of the scapula * I: intertubercular groove of humerus * A: adduction, internal rotation, extension * Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery pass above in quadrangular space
42
Teres Minor
* **C5-C6**, Posterior cord, Axillary nerve * O: lateral scapula * I: greater tuberosity of humerus * A: external rotation
43
Triceps
* C6-**C7**-C8, Posterior cord, Radial nerve Spared in lesion at spiral groove * O: * Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula * Lateral head: dorsal humerus above radial groove * Medial head: dorsal humerus below radial groove * I: olecranon process of the ulna * A: elbow extension * Spared in radial neuropathy at the spiral groove
44
Upper Trapezius
* **C3-C4**, Spinal accessory nerve * O: occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and spinious processes of C7 - T12 * I: lateral clavical, acromion, and spine of the scapula * A: * Upper: extend neck, elevation and and upward rotation of scapula * Middle: adduct scapula * Lower: depression and upward rotation of the scapula
45
Supinator
* C5-C6, posterior cord, radial nerve * O: lateral epicondyle and crest of ulna * I: lateral proximal radius * A: supinate forearm
46
Plamaris longus
* C7- C8- T1, medial and lateral cord, median nerve * O: medial epicondyle * I: palmar aponeurosis * A: flex hand * absent in 10-15% of people

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