Upper Extremity Muscles Flashcards
1
Q
Abductor Digiti Minimi
A
- C8-T1, medial cord, ulnar nerve (deep branch)
- O: pisiform
- I: base of 5th digit proximal phalanx
- A: Abducts 5th finger
2
Q
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
A
- C8-T1, medial cord, median nerve
- O: scaphoid, trapezium, flexor retinaculum
- I: lateral proximal phalanx
- A: thumb abduction
3
Q
Abductor Pollicis Longus
A
- C7-C8, posterior cord, radial nerve, PIN
- O: middle of interosseous membrane
- I: base of 1st metacarpal
- A: abducts thumb
- Involved with DeQuervains synovitis
4
Q
Anconeus
A
- C6-C7-C8, posterior cord, radial nerve (spared in neuropathy at spiral groove)
- O: lateral epicondyle
- I: lateral olecranon, posterior ulna
- A: extend elbow
5
Q
Biceps brachii
A
- C5-C6, Lateral cord, Musculocutaneous nerve
- O:
- Short head - Coracoid process
- Long head - Supraglenoid tuberosity of scapula
- I: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
- A: elbow flexion and forearm supination
6
Q
Brachialis
A
- C5-C6, lateral cord, musculocutaneous nerve
- O: distal anterior humerus
- I: coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
- A: elbow flexion
7
Q
Brachioradialis
A
- C5-C6, posterior cord, radial nerve (below the spiral groove)
- O: lateral ridge of distal humerus
- I: lateral distal radius
- A: Flex elbow
- May be abnormal in lesions at the spiral groove but spared in PIN palsy
8
Q
Coracobrachialis
A
- C6-C7, lateral cord, musculocutaneous nerve
- O: coracoid proces
- I: middle medial humerus
- A: flex and addcut arm at the shoulder
9
Q
Deltoid
A
- C5-C6, Posterior cord, Axillary nerve
- O: clavical, acromion, spine of scapula
- I: humerus
- A: flexion, abduction, external rotation
10
Q
Dorsal Interossei
A
- 4 muscles
- C8-T1, medial cord, ulnar nerve (deep branch)
- O: metacarpal bones and extensor expansions
- I: proximal phalanx - either side of digit 3, outside of digits 2 and 4.
- A: moves third finger medial and lateral. Abduct 2nd and 4th digit away from midling
11
Q
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
A
- C6-C7, posterior cord, radial nerve
- O: lateral epicondyle
- I: base of 3rd metacarpal
- A: extend and radial deviation of wrist
12
Q
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
A
- C6-C7, posterior cord, radial nerve
- O: lateral supracondylar ridge
- I: longus: base of 2nd metacarpal
- A: extend and radial deviation of wrist
- ECRL is only forearm extensor spared in PIN nerve palsy
13
Q
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
A
- C7-C8, Posterior cord, radial nerve, PIN
- O: lateral epicondyle and posterior surface of ulnar (common extensor tendon)
- I: base of 5th metacarpal
- A: Extend and ulnar deviate the wrist
14
Q
Extensor digiti minimi
A
- C6-C7-C8, posterior cord, radial nerve, PIN
- O: lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)
- I: base of 5th proximal phalanx/extensor expansion
- A: 5th finger extension at all joints
15
Q
Extensor Digitorum Communis
A
- C7-C8, posterior cord, radial nerve, PIN
- O: lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)
- I: base of proximal phalanges/extensor expansions
- A: extend at MCP and wrist
16
Q
Extensor Indicis Propius
A
- C7-C8, posterior cord, radial nerve, PIN
- O: distal third of posterior ulna and interosseous membrane
- I: extensor hood of index finger
- A: extend index finger
- Most distal radial innervated muscle
- needle insertion: 3 finger breadths distal to ulnar styloid
17
Q
Extensor pollicis brevis
A
- C7-C8, posterior cord, radial nerve, PIN
- O: distal third of radius and interosseous membrand
- I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
- A: Extend thumb at CMC and MCP
18
Q
Extensor Pollicis Longus
A
- C7-C8, posterior cord, radial nerve, PIN
- O: middle third of ulna
- I: distal phalanx of thumb
- A: extend thumb at distal phalanx
19
Q
Flexor Carpi Radialis
A
- C6-C7, lateral cord, median nerve
- O: medial epicondyle
- I: base of 2nd metatarsal
- A: wrist flexion and adduction
- needle insertion: four finger breadths distal to midpoint of biceps tendon and medial epicondyle in a line to center of the wrist
- abnormal in pronator syndrome
20
Q
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
A
- C8-T1, medial cord, ulnar nerve
- O
- Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
- Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior ulna
- I: pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal
- A: wrist flexion and adduction
- Part of ulnar trio with nerve and artery just lateral to FCU tendon at the wrist
21
Q
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
A
- (2,3) C7-C8-T1, medial cord, median nerve, AIN needle insertion: 3-4 fingerbreadths distal to olecranon
- (4,5) C7-C8-T1, medial cord, ulnar nerve
- O: proximal anterior ulna and interosseous membrane
- I: distal phalanx of digits 2-5
- A: flex digits 2-5 at DIP
22
Q
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
A
- C7-C8, medial-lateral cords, median nerve
- O:
- Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle and coronoid process
- Radial Head: proximal anterior radius
- I: middle phalanges of digits 2-5
- A: flex PIP and MCP of digits 2-5
- needle insertion: just medial to midpoint between biceps tendon and mid-wrist
23
Q
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
A
- C8-T1, medial cord, median and ulnar nerves needle insertion: just medial to APB
- O:
- Superfical head: flexor retinaculum
- Deep head: trapezoid and capitate
- I: lateral proximal phalanx of thumb
- A: Flex thumb at CMC
24
Q
Flexor Pollicis Longus
A
- C7-C8-T1, lateral and medial cords, median nerve, AIN
- O: Anterior middle of radius
- I: distal phalanx of thumb
- A: flex thumb at IP joint
- needle insertion: one third distance up the wrist over the radius
25
Q
Infraspinatus
A
- C5-C6, Upper trunk, Suprascapular nerve
- O: infraspinous fossa
- I: greater tuberosity of humerus
- A: external rotation
26
Q
Latissimus dorsi
A
- C6-C7-C8, Posterior cord, Thoracodorsal nerve
- O: T7 - T12 spinous process, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
- I: intertubercular groove of humerus
- A: adduction, internal rotation, extension
27
Q
Levator Scapulae
A
- C3, C4 (cervical nerve) and C5 (dorsal scapular nerve)
- O: transverse process of C1- C4
- I: superior medial border of the scapula
- A: elevates the scapula
28
Q
Lumbricals
A
- 1 and 2 innervated by median nerve (C8-T1)
- 3 and 4 innervated by ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
- O: FDP tendon sheath (1/2 are unipennate where 3/4 are bipennate)
- I: radial side of extensor expansion of digits 1-4
- A: flex at MCP, extned IP joints
29
Q
Opponens Pollicis
A
- C8-T1, medial cord, median nerve (deep to APB)
- O: trapezium and flexor retinaculum
- I: 1st metacarpal
- A: thumb opposition
30
Q
Palmar interossei
A
- 3 muscles
- C8-T1, medial cord, ulnar nerve (deep branch)
- O: 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals (side closest to 3rd digit) and extensor expansions
- I: base of proxiaml phalanx on side closest to 3rd digit
- A: Adduct to axial line
31
Q
Pectoralis Major
A
- C5-C6-C7-C8-T1, Medial and lateral cords, Medial (sternal) and lateral (clavicular) pectoral nerves
- O: sternum and medial 2/3 of clavicle
- I: intertubercular groove of humerus
- A: adduction, internal rotation
32
Q
Pectoralis Minor
A
- C7-C8-T1, medial cord, medial pectoral nerve
- O: Ribs 3-5
- I: coracoid process
- A: scapular depression
33
Q
Pronator Quadratus
A
- C7-C8-T1, lateral and medial cords, median nerve, AIN
- O: distal 1/4 of ulna
- I: distal 1/4 of radius
- A: pronate forearm
- needle insertion: dorsal forearm three finger breadths proximal to midpoint between styloids.
34
Q
Pronator Teres
A
- C6-C7, lateral cord median nerve
- O: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
- I: lateral mid-shaft of radius
- A: Pronates forearm
- needle insertion: two finger breadths distal to midpoint of biceps tendon and medial epicondyle
35
Q
Rhomboids
A
- C4-C5, dorsal scapular nerve
- O:
- minor: nuchal ligament and C7-T1 spinous process
- major: T2-T5 spinous process
- I: medial border of the scapula
- A: elevate and retract sapula, rotate glenoid inferiorly
36
Q
Serratus Anterior
A
- C5-C6-C7, long thoracic nerve
- O: Anterior ribs 1 - 9
- I: medial border of scapula
- A: protracts scapula, rotate glenoid cavity upward
- Often abnormal in neuralgic amyotrophy
37
Q
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
A
- Spinal accessory nerve (XI)
- O: medial clavicular head, sternum
- I: mastoid process
- A: ipsilateral flexion, contralateral rotation
38
Q
Subclavius
A
- C5, C6 - Upper trunk - nerve to the subclavius
- O: inferior middle 1/3 of clavical
- I: first rib
- A: anchor and depress clavical
39
Q
Subscapularis
A
- C5-C6, Posterior cord, Upper and lower subscapular nerves
- O: subscapular fossa
- I: lesser tuberosity of humerus
- A: internal rotation and adduction
40
Q
Supraspinatus
A
- C5-C6, Upper trunk, Suprascapular nerve
- O: spine of the scapula
- I: greater tuberosity of the humerus
- A: shoulder abduction
- Spared in neuropathy at the spinoglenoid notch
41
Q
Teres Major
A
- C5-C6, Posterior cord, Lower subscapular nerve
- O: inferior angle of the scapula
- I: intertubercular groove of humerus
- A: adduction, internal rotation, extension
- Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery pass above in quadrangular space
42
Q
Teres Minor
A
- C5-C6, Posterior cord, Axillary nerve
- O: lateral scapula
- I: greater tuberosity of humerus
- A: external rotation
43
Q
Triceps
A
- C6-C7-C8, Posterior cord, Radial nerve Spared in lesion at spiral groove
- O:
- Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
- Lateral head: dorsal humerus above radial groove
- Medial head: dorsal humerus below radial groove
- I: olecranon process of the ulna
- A: elbow extension
- Spared in radial neuropathy at the spiral groove
44
Q
Upper Trapezius
A
- C3-C4, Spinal accessory nerve
- O: occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and spinious processes of C7 - T12
- I: lateral clavical, acromion, and spine of the scapula
- A:
- Upper: extend neck, elevation and and upward rotation of scapula
- Middle: adduct scapula
- Lower: depression and upward rotation of the scapula
45
Q
Supinator
A
- C5-C6, posterior cord, radial nerve
- O: lateral epicondyle and crest of ulna
- I: lateral proximal radius
- A: supinate forearm
46
Q
Plamaris longus
A
- C7- C8- T1, medial and lateral cord, median nerve
- O: medial epicondyle
- I: palmar aponeurosis
- A: flex hand
- absent in 10-15% of people
