Physical Agents/FES Flashcards
Name 9 types of physical agents that are used to produce therapeutic response in tissues:
- thermotherapy
- hydrotherapy
- Light therapy
- electrotherapy
- manual therapy
- pressure
- acupuncture
- iontophoresis
- phonophoresis
8 factors to consider when choosing therapeutic modality
- target tissue
- depth of heating or cooling desired
- intensity of heating or cooling desired
- body habitus
- comorbid conditions (arterial insufficiency)
- age (open epiphyses)
- sex (pregnant woman)
- specific features (metal implants, pacemaker, cold allergy)
6 elements of modality prescription
- indication/diagnosis
- modality
- location
- intensity - patient perception of thermal intensity
- Duration - 20-30 mins for most, 5-10mins per site for ultrasound
- Frequency - based on severity and clinical judgement
_____ is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies in direct contact. Give example
Conduction (hot pack)
____ uses movement of a medium (water, air, blood) used to transport thermal energy. Give example
Convection - actual transfer of thermal energy ultimately by conduction. (whirlpool, fluidotherapy)
____is transformation of another form of energy to heat or could
Conversion (sound, electromagnetic) - ultrasound
_____ is emitted from any body whose surface temperature is above absolute zero (-273.15C or -459.67F)
Radiation (conversion)
Process of converting a liquid to a gas requiring thermal energy:
evaporation
Process of heat dissipation: For each 1g of water that evaporates from the body surface, approximately ____ of heat is lost
0.6 cal
5 hemodynamic effects of heat:
- increased blood flow and bleeding
- decreased chronic inflammation
- Increased acute inflammation
- Increased edema
- metabolic demand
3 neuromuscular effects of heat?
- Group 1a fiber firing rates increased (muscle spindle)
- Group 1b fiber firing rates increased (golgi tendon organ)
- Increased nerve conduction velocity
3 joint and connective tissue effects of Heat?
- increased tendon extensibility
- increased collegenase activity
- decreased joint stiffness
6 general uses for heat
- muscle relaxation
- chronic inflammation
- contracture
- arthritis
- pain (spinal, myofascial, neuromas, post herpetic neuralgia)
- musculoskeletal conductions (tendonitis, tenosynovitis, bursitis, capsulitis)
8 general precautions for use of heat:
- acute trauma or inflammation
- impaired circulation
- bleeding diatheses
- edema
- large scars
- impaired sensation
- malignancy
- cognitive or communication deficits that preclude reporting of pain
Define
superficial heat:
deep heat:
superficial 1-2cm
deep/diathermy >3-5cm
target tissues
Superficial heat:
Deep heat:
s: skin and subcutaneous
d: muscle, tendon, ligament, or bone
Goal of deep heat (diathermy)?
minimize skin and subcutaneous tissue while maximize heating of deeper tissues
Three methods of superficial heating:
conduction, convection, radiation
method of deep heating: Goal temp?
conversion (40-45C)
Uses for superficial heating?
OA, RA, Various pain syndromes, MSK conditions
Hot packs/heating pads
depth:
main mech of energy transfer:
superficial
conduction
Paraffin baths
depth:
mech:
superficial
conduction
fluidotherapy
depth:
mech:
superficial
convection
whirlpool baths
depth:
mech:
superficial
convection