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Human Body Systems > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Upper extremity regions

A

shoulder, arm (brachium), forearm (antebrachium), and hand

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2
Q

Shoulder regions

A

pectoral region
scapular region
deltoid region
part of lateral neck

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3
Q

Arm regions

A 
anterior region (flexor compartment)
posterior region (extensor compartment)
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4
Q

Forearm regions

A 
anterior region (flexor compartment)
posterior region (extensor compartment)
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5
Q

Hand regions

A

wrist
palm
dorsum of hand
digits

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6
Q

Brachial plexus formed by ____

A

ventral rami

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7
Q

What are upper extremity nerves associated with?

A

individual regions or compartments of upper extremity

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8
Q

How many spinal cord levels feed into brachial plexus?

A

5 levels

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9
Q

roots of brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

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10
Q

top portion of brachial plexus

A

supraclavicular portion

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11
Q

bottom portion of brachial plexus

A

intraclavicular portion

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12
Q

Supraclavicular branches innervate

A

dorsal and medial scapula

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13
Q

infraclavicular branches innervate

A

pectoral region and ventral scapula

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14
Q

axillary n. innervates

A

proximal arm

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15
Q

radial n. innervates

A

posterior arm and posterior forearm

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16
Q

musculocutaneous n. innervates

A

anterior arm

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17
Q

median n. innervates

A

anterior forearm and hand

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18
Q

ulnar n. innervates

A

anterior forearm and hand

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19
Q

terminal branches of brachial plexus

A

axillary, radial , musculocutaneous, median, and ulnar

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20
Q

artery pattern

A

subclavian - axillary - brachial - brachial profunda artery - radial (then deep palmar arch) and ulnar (then superficial palmar arch) arteries

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21
Q

When does axillary artery start and end?

A

lateral border of 1st rib and ends at inferior border of teres major

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22
Q

When does brachial artery start?

A

inferior border of teres major

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23
Q

brachial profunda artery

A

deep artery of arm, major branch of brachial artery

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24
Q

superficial palmar arch anastomosize with _____

A

deep palmar arch

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25
Q

venous network dorsal or ventral?

A

dorsal

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26
Q

cephalic vein

A

superficial to meracarpus prolonged proximally on lateral side

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27
Q

Basilic vein

A

arise from medial side of venous network

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28
Q

Basilic vein

A

arise from medial side of venous network

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29
Q

venous drainage pattern arm

A

dorsal venous network - basilic and cephalic veins - median cubital vein (in cubital fossa) - axillary vein

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30
Q

brachial veins

A

deep vessels that course with brachial artery

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31
Q

borders of axillary vein

A

inferior border of teres major by union of brachia veins and basilic vein

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32
Q

joints of shoulder

A

Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral
Scapulothoracic

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33
Q

sternoclavicular joint articular components

A

round and prominent, Sternal end of the clavicle and manubrium of sternum

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34
Q

sternoclavicular joint type

A

biaxial Modified saddle synovial joint

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35
Q

sternoclavicular joint associated structure

A

fibrocartilage disc creates bed for end of clavicle and transmits force and pressure from extremity to axial skeleton

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36
Q

sternoclavicular joint movements

A

elevation/depression

protraction (scapula forward)/retraction (pull scapula back)

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37
Q

acromioclavicular joint articular components

A

Acromial end of the
clavicle and acromion
process of scapula

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38
Q

acromioclavicular joint type and associated structure

A

plane type synovial joint (no defined plane of movement), fibrocartilage disc

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39
Q

acromioclavicular joint movements

A

gliding between clavicle

and scapula

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40
Q

glenohumeral joint articular components and features

A

humeral head and glenoid fossa (fossa 1/3 size of humeral head)

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41
Q

glenohumeral joint type and movement

A

ball & socket synovial joint for Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
Internal and External Rotation

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42
Q

Both ____ and _____ structures enhance G-H stability

A

non-contractile and contractile structures

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43
Q

Glenoid labrum

A 
fibrocartilaginous ring
attaches to margin of
glenoid fossa
deepens the glenoid
cavity and contributes to GH stability
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44
Q

Scapulothoracic joint

A

physiological joint iwith movement between musculoskeletal
structures (scapula
and associated muscles and the thoracic wall)

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45
Q

Scapulothoracic joint arthrokinematics

A

elevation, depression, adduction (retraction), abduction (protraction), upward rotation, downward rotation

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46
Q

What joints are responsible for shrugging?

A

scapulothoracic joint, SC joint, AC joint

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47
Q

medial (internal) and lateral (external) rotation in shoulder

A

spinning of humerus in glenoid fossa, elbow usually flexed

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48
Q

What planes can the shoulder undergo ab/adduction?

A

coronal and horizontal

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49
Q

is motion in should from glenohumeral joint alone?

A

no, the humerus would come out

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50
Q

scapulohumeral rhythm

A

each shoulder joint making contributions in specific and consistent pattern

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51
Q

0-30 degree abduction uses ____

A

glenohumeral joint only (don’t need to move scapula)

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52
Q

30-180 degree abduction uses ____

A

2:1 GH/ST movement, for every 2 degrees GH moves, the scapula moves 1 degree

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53
Q

Extrinsic muscles of posterior shoulder

A

Superficial layer (trapezius and latissimus dorsi) and deeper layer (levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor)

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54
Q

Trapezius muscle AIM

A 
A:superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, spinous
processes of C7-T12
- scapula spine, acromion,
lateral 1/3 clavicle
• M: upper: elevates and upwardly rotates scapula
middle: adducts scapula
lower: depresses and
upwardly rotates scapula
• I: CN XI
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55
Q

is your trapezius muscle innervated by cranial nerves or brachial plexus?

A

Cranial nerve

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56
Q

latissimus dorsi AIM

A 
A:spinous process T7-T12,
iliac crest, ribs 9-12
- intertubercular
groove of humerus
• M: shoulder extension,
adduction and internal
rotation (IR)
• I: thoracodorsal n.
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57
Q

Levator scapulae AIM

A 
A: transverse processes of C1-C4, superior medial border of
scapula
M: elevates and downwardly
rotates scapula
I: Dorsal scapular nerve
58
Q

Rhomboid minor attachment

A

spinous processes C7 and T1, medial scapular border at the level of root of scapular spine

59
Q

Rhomboid major attachments

A

spinous processes T2 - T5, medial scapular border from level of spine to inferior angle

60
Q

Rhomboid major and minor IM

A

M: adduct/retract and
downwardly rotate scapula
I: dorsal scapular nerve

61
Q

triangle of auscultation

A 
site on the back
where breath sounds
may be most easily
heard through a
stethoscope
62
Q

How do you widen triangle of auscultation?

A

protract scapula

63
Q

Boundaries of triangle of asuscultation

A

Latissimus dorsi,
trapezius, medial
border of scapula

64
Q

extrinsic muscles of anterior shoulder

A

Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Anterior
Subclavius

65
Q

Pectoralis major AIM

A

A:Clavicular head (Medial half of clavicle), Sternocostal head (anterior sternum, upper six costal cartilages), Intertubercular groove of humerus
M: Adducts and medially rotates humerus
• I:Lateral and Medial pectoral
nerves

66
Q

Pectoralis minor AIM

A

A: Ribs 3-5, Coracoid process of scapula
M: Stabilizes scapula
I: Medial pectoral nerve

67
Q

Serratus anterior AIM

A

A: External surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-8, Anterior surface of medial border of
scapula
M: protracts & upwardly rotates the scapula, holds scapula against thoracic wall
I: long thoracic n

68
Q

Winging of scapula

A

at rest scapula is popped off posterior thoracic wall

69
Q

Subclavius AIM

A 
A: Junction of first rib and costal cartilage, inferior surface of medial third of
clavicle
M: anchors and depresses
clavicle
I: nerve to subclavius
70
Q

intrinsic muscles of shoulder

A 
Coracobrachialis
Deltoid
Teres Major
Teres Minor
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
71
Q

coracobrachialis AIM

A

A: tip of coracoid process, medial, middle 1/3 of humerus
M: flex and adducts shoulder
I: musculocutaneous nerve

72
Q

deltoid AIM

A

A: scapula spine, acromion,
lateral 1/3 clavicle, deltoid tuberosity of humerus
M: anterior: shoulder flexion, middle: shoulder abduction, poster: shoulder extension
I:axillary n.

73
Q

teres major AIM

A 
A: inferior lateral aspect of
poster surface of scapula, intertubercular groove
of humerus
M: shoulder medial/ internal
rotation (IR)
I: lower subscapular n.
74
Q

rotator cuff muscles and anterior/posterior location

A

supraspinatus (posterior)
infraspinatus (posterior)
teres minor (posterior)
subscapularis (anterior)

75
Q

Supraspinatus AIM

A

A: Supraspinous fossa and Greater tubercle
M: shoulder abduction
I: suprascapular n.

76
Q

infraspinatus AIM

A

A: Infraspinous fossa and Greater tubercle
M: shoulder lateral/external rotation (ER)
I: suprascapular n.

77
Q

teres minor AIM

A

A: Middle part of lateral border of scapula and Greater tubercle
M: shoulder lateral/external rotation (ER)
I: axillary n.

78
Q

subscapularis AIM

A

A: Subscapular fossa and Lesser tubercle
M: shoulder medial/internal rotation (IR)
I: upper subscapular nerve &
lower subscapular nerve

79
Q

Rotator cuff muscles are important for maintaining humerus ____

A

centered within glenoid fossa

80
Q

elbow articulations

A

humeroulnar, humeroradial, proximal radioulnar, and distal radioulnar

81
Q

humeroulnar joint type and movements

A

hinge, flexion/extension

82
Q

Humeroradial joint type and movements

A

Modified Hinge, Flexion/extension and

Supination/pronation

83
Q

proximal radioulnar joint type and movement

A

Pivot, Supination/pronation

84
Q

distal radioulnar joint type and movement

A

Pivot, Supination/pronation

85
Q

annular ligament: where it is, what it does, and what is protects

A

Encircles head of radius, Holds the head of the radius
against the ulna, Protects against distal
dislocation of the radius

86
Q

lateral (or radial) collateral ligament: where it is, what it does, and what is protects

A

Lateral epicondyle to annular ligament of radius, Protects against medial
deviation of forearm, Taut in full extension

87
Q

medial (ulnar) collateral ligament: where it is, what it does, and what is protects

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process and olecranon process, Protects against lateral deviation of forearm

88
Q

ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction

A

UCL is replaced with a

tendon from elsewhere in the body common among sports, mostly baseball

89
Q

elbow extension arthrokinematics

A

olecranon process

is in close approximation to the distal humerus in olecranon fossa

90
Q

elbow flexion arthrokinematics

A 
olecranon process
pulls away from distal
humerus, as coronoid
process and radius
approach their
respective fossae
91
Q

elbow supination/pronation arthrokinematics

A

Supination occurs as
the radial head spins
on the capitulum (only radius moves)

92
Q

Joints involves in supination/pronation of elbow

A

Humeroradial joint, Proximal and distal radioulnar joints

93
Q

anterior compartment of arm muscles with elbow and innervation

A

Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
I: musculocutaneous n.

94
Q

posterior compartment of arm muscles with elbow and innervation

A

Triceps Brachii
Anconeus
Brachioradialis
I: radial n.

95
Q

Biceps brachii AIM

A 
A:
Short head: coracoid process of the scapula
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle
Both heads: radius via bicipital
aponeurosis
M: (weak shoulder flexion)
elbow flexion, forearm supination
I: musculocutaneous n.
96
Q

Brachialis AIM

A

A:distal, anterior humerus, coronoid process of the ulna
M: flexes the forearm
I: musculocutaneous n.

97
Q

triceps brachii AIM

A 
Attachments:
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head: posterior sup. humerus
Medial head (deep): posterior inf. humerus
All Heads: olecranon of the ulna
M: Extend elbow(LH-ext, shoulder)
I: radial n.
98
Q

anoconeus AIM

A

A:lateral epicondyle of humerus, olecranon of the ulna
M: extends the forearm (weaker than triceps)
I: radial n.

99
Q

brachioradialis AIM

A

A: Lateral portion of
distal humerus, lateral and distal radius
M: flexes elbow
I: radial nerve

100
Q

Brachioradialis originates in ____ but action is in ___

A

originates in posterior, but action is in anterior compartment

101
Q

supinator AIM

A

A:lateral epicondyle of humerus and proximal ulna, proximal radius
M: supinates forearm
I: radial nerve

102
Q

muscles acting on radioulnar joint

A

supinator, biceps brachii, pronator teres, pronator quadratus

103
Q

pronator teres AIM

A

A: coronoid process and
medial epicondyle, lateral surface of radius
M: pronates and flexes forearm
I: median n.

104
Q

pronator quadratus AIM

A

A: Distal anterior ulna, distal anterior radius
M: pronates forearm
I: median n.

105
Q

wrist articulations

A

radiocarpal, midcarpal, and distal radioulnar joints

106
Q

radiocarpal joint type and movement

A

between distal radius and
proximal carpals, condyloid type
M: wrist flexion/extension, wrist AB (radial deviation)/AD (ulnar deviation)

107
Q

midcarpal joint type and movement

A

between proximal and distal row of carpal bones, plane synovial joint
M: gliding motions between
carpals

108
Q

distal radioulnar joint type and movement

A

between distal end of radius and ulna, pivot synovial joint

M: supination/pronation

109
Q

Colles fracture

A

dorsal displacement of distal fragment from fall on outstretched arm

110
Q

Most common people to get colles fracture?

A

post-menopausal women

111
Q

Stabilizing ligaments in wrist

A

extensor retinaculum, flexor retinaculum (anterior)

112
Q

carpal tunnel

A

on flexor surface from curve of carpals and flexor retinaculum

113
Q

joints involved in wrist flexion/ extension

A 
radiocarpal &
midcarpal joints (motion at both joints for both movements)
114
Q

joints involved in wrist abduction/ adduction

A

radiocarpal &

midcarpal joints

115
Q

wrist extensors AIM

A

A:Lateral epicondyle of humerus, Base of metacarpals
M:Wrist extension
I: radial n.

116
Q

lateral epicondylitis

A

Repeated forceful flexion and extension of the wrist
strain attachment of common extensor tendon
producing inflammation

117
Q

wrist flexors AIM

A

A:Medial epicondyle of humerus, Base of metacarpals
M: Wrist flexion
I: median and ulnar nerves

118
Q

Palmaris longus AIM

A

A:Medial epicondyle of humerus to fascia of palm
M: Tenses fascia of palm
I: Median n.

119
Q 
wrist abduction (radial 
 deviation)
A

result of contraction of both the flexor and extensors on the radial side of the forearm

120
Q

wrist adduction (ulnar deviation)

A

result of contraction of both the flexor and extensors on the ulnar side of the forearm

121
Q

are there dedicated muscles for wrist ab/adduction?

A

NO

122
Q

articulations of digits

A

carpometacarpal (CMC), metacarpophalangeal (MP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), distal interphalangeal (DIP)

123
Q

Joints in thumb

A

CMC, MP, and IP (not PIP and DIP)

124
Q

Digit 2-5 flexion/ extension joints

A

MP joints
PIP joints
DIP joints

125
Q

digits 2-5 ab/adduction joints

A

MP joints

126
Q

movements of thumb

A

add/abduction (CMC), flexion/extension (CMC/MP/IP), and opposition (CMC)

127
Q

opposition movement of thumb

A

combo of abduction and flexion

128
Q

non-manipulative prehension patterns

A

cylindrical grip, hook grip, spherical grip

129
Q

manipulative prehension grip

A

palmar pinch, lateral pinch, tip-to-tip pinch

130
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis AIM

A

A: medial epicondyle, bifurcates and inserts on middle phalanx
M: flexes PIP
I: median and ulnar n.

131
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus AIM

A

A: proximal ulna attaches on distal phalanx 2-5
M: flexes DIP
I: ulnar n.

132
Q

extrinsic digit flexor muscles

A

flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus

133
Q

what does the carpal tunner contain?

A

extrinsic tendons of the extrinsic digit flexors as well as the main branch of the median nerve

134
Q

What gets compressed upon inflammation inside carpal tunnel?

A

Median n.

135
Q

Extrinsic digit extensors and innervation

A 
Extensor digitorum (common), extensor indicis proprius (Finger 2), and extensor digiti minimi (finger 5) 
I: radial n.
136
Q

extrinsic thumb muscle

A 
Flexor pollicis
longus
Extensor Pollicis
Longus and
Brevis
Abductor Pollicis
Longus
137
Q

anatomical snuff box

A

formed by tendons of extrinsic muscles of thumb at base of scaphoid

138
Q

intrinsic hand muscles and innervation

A

hypothenar group on pinkie side (ulnar n.), and thenar group (median n.) on thumb side

139
Q

Lumbricals AIM

A

A:Flexor tendons in palm, Dorsum of proximal phalanges
(cross anterior side of MP joints)
M: Flex at MP & Extend at PIP/DIP
I: Median and Ulnar N.

140
Q

dorsal interossei AIM and how many muscles

A

A:Metacarpals to proximal phalanges
- 4 muscles
M: ABduction
I: Ulnar N.

141
Q

palmar interossei AIM and how many muscles

A

A: metacarpals to proximal phalanges
- 3 muscles
M: ADduction
I: Ulnar N.

142
Q

what nerves innervate skin of hand?

A

ulnar, median, and radial nerves

Human Body Systems (17 decks)

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