Leg and Foot Flashcards
Crural fascia
deep fascia of the leg
Compartments of leg
posterior, lateral, anterior
superficial posterior compartment muscles
Gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantari
Gastrocnemius AIM
A: medial and lateral femoral condyles to calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (achilles)
I: Tibial n.
M: knee flexion, plantar flexion
Soleus AIM
A: fibula and tibia to calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
I: tibial n.
M: plantarflexion
What do soleus and gastrocnemius form together?
gastric soleus group
Plantari innervation
tibial n.
Muscles in deep posterior leg compartment
Flexor hallicus longus (FHL), tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus (FDL), and popliteus
Flexor hallicus longus AIM
A: fibula to distal phalanx of great toe
I: tibial n.
M: Flexes 1st digit, plantarflexion
Tibialis posterior AIM
A: fibula and tibia to tarsal and metatarsal
I: tibial n.
M: plantarflexion, inversion
Tibalis posterior courses around ___ causing ____
medial malleolus, foot inversion when muscle shortens
Flexor digitorum longus AIM
A: tibia to distal phalanx of digits 2-5
I: tibial n.
M: flexes digits 2-5, plantarflexion
popliteus innervation
tibial n.
Where do deep posterior compartment muscles pass?
posterior to ankle joint
Muscles in lateral compartment
fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
fibularis longus AIM
A: proximal fibula to medial tarsal and metatarsal
I: superficial fibular n.
M: eversion, plantarflexion
FIbularis longus passes___
posterior at lateral malleolus
Fibularis brevis AIM
A: distal fibular to 5th metatarsal
I: superficial fibular n.
M: eversion, plantarflexion
Muscles in anterior compartment
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus
Tibialis anterior AIM
A: tibia to medial tarsal and metatarsal
I: deep fibular n.
M: dorsiflexion, inversion
Is tibialis anterior medial or lateral to foot?
Medial
Extensor hallicus longus AIM
A: fibula to distal phalanx of great toe
I: deep fibiular n.
M: dorsiflexion, extends great toe
Extensor digitorum longus
A: tibia and fibula to distal phalanx of toes 2-5
I: deep fibular nerve
M: dorsiflexion, extends toes 2-5
Sciatic nerve
gives rise to tibial and fibular nerves providing motor below the knee
Tibial nerve
passes between deep and superficial posterior compartments innervating both compartments
Branches of common fibular nerve
superficial and deep fibular nerve
superficial fibular nerve
innervates lateral compartment
Deep fibular nerve
innervates anterior compartment
external iliac artery
turns into femoral artery then popliteal artery after adductor hiatus providing all blood below knee
popliteal artery bifurcates into ____
anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries (in proximal posterior leg)
Posterior tibial artery
courses with tibial nerve through posterior compartment
Anterior tibial artery
passes to anterior compartment
Plantar aponeurosis (fascia) structure and attachment
Superficial structure on plantar aspect of foot
Attaches to calcaneus to proximal phalanx of digits 1-5
Plantar aponeurosis functions
Heel strike to mid stance: absorbs loads imposed by body weight
Mid-stance to push off: contributes to rigid nature of the foot during push off
muscles in layer 1 (most superficial) of foot
abductor digiti minimi, abductor hallicus, and flexor digitorum brevis
Muscles in layer 2 of foot
lumbricals, quadratus plantae
muscles in layer 3 of foot
Flexor digiti minimi brevis, adductor hallucis (2 heads), and flexor hallicus brevis
Muscles in layer 4 of foot (most deep)
3 plantar interossei, 4 dorsal interossei, peroneus longus tendon, and posterior tibialis tendon
