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Human Body Systems > Pharynx and Larynx > Flashcards

Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

pharynx

A

Common passageway for food/liquid and air

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2
Q

Portions of pharynx

A

Continuous with the nasal cavity via the nasopharynx, with the oral
cavity via the oropharynx, and divides into dedicated airway and alimentary tract at the laryngopharynx

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3
Q

soft palate

A

mobile muscular layer in the roof of the oral cavity

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4
Q

where does soft palate attach anteriorly

A

hard palate (bony roof of the oral cavity).

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5
Q

soft palate function

A

raised and lowered to seal off different regions of
the pharynx to direct the flow of ingesta or
protect the oral/nasal cavities from regurgitation

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6
Q

Soft palate innervation

A

CN X

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7
Q

when you swallow what position is your soft palate in?

A

opens up and seals nasal cavity

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8
Q

when you breath with food in your mouth what position is your soft palate in?

A

seal food part to open breathing only

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9
Q

Can an infant breathe and suckle simultaneously?

A

YES

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10
Q

constrictor muscles of pharynx

A

Superior, middle, and inferior constrictors

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11
Q

constrictor muscle attachment

A

has points inferiorly in neck then muscles wrap around themselves and attach to themselves at midline

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12
Q

pharyngotympanic tube

A

opens into the superior pharynx, connects the pharynx to the middle ear.

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13
Q

pharyngotympanic attachment

A

originates at base of skull

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14
Q

longitudinal muscles of pharynx

A

Salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus

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15
Q

longitudinal muscle function

A

Shorten the pharynx, elevate the larynx during swallowing and vocalization

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16
Q

mucosa in regards to pharynx

A

overlies the structures of the pharynx

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17
Q

mucosa and pharynx creates tube connected with ___

A 
Nasal cavity
Oral cavity
Middle ear (via the pharyngotympanic tube)
Larynx/trachea/airway
Esophagus
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18
Q

tonsils

A

collections of mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) that are embedded in the mucosa
of the pharynx

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19
Q

how is inflammation of tonsils

A

inflammation due to infection can be painful and may cause obstruction of
the airway or pharyngotympanic tube

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20
Q

names of tonsils

A

pharyngeal, palatine*, lingual, and tubal tonsils

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21
Q

what tonsil is commonly taken out?

A

palatine

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22
Q

motor innervation to muscles

A

Branches of X
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) innervates one muscle
(stylopharyngeus)

23
Q

sensation innervation from pharynx

A

V2 – nasopharynx (conscious sensation)
IX – oropharynx (conscious sensation)
X – laryngopharynx (unconscious sensation)

24
Q

How test test pharyngeal innervation with CN IX and X

A

Gag reflex: Touching posterior pharyngeal wall or tonsillar arches – sensed by IX
Elevation of soft palate – motor by X

25
Q

musculus uvulae IM

A

M: elevates uvula
I: CNX

26
Q

How to check for damage to CN X

A

Uvula deviates away from injured side when you look into patient’s mouth

27
Q

arteries of pharynx

A

supplied by ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial and maxillary arteries (all branches of external carotid)

28
Q

veins of pharynx

A

drain to pharyngeal venous plexus (drains into the internal jugular vein)

29
Q

pharyngeal swallow

A

rapid sequential activity that takes less than one second

30
Q

functions of pharyngeal swallow

A

(1) food passage, propelling the food bolus through the pharynx and UES to the esophagus
(2) airway protection,
closing the larynx and trachea from the pharynx to prevent the food from entering the airway

31
Q

steps of swallowing

A

Soft palate elevates and contacts the lateral & posterior walls of pharynx, closing nasopharynx
Tongue base retracts, pushing bolus against pharyngeal walls
Pharyngeal constrictor muscles contract from top to bottom, squeezing bolus down
Longitudinal muscles shorten pharynx vertically reducing volume of pharyngeal cavity and raise
larynx.
Elevation of larynx passively closes epiglottis over laryngeal inlet, sealing the airway

32
Q

muscles underlying hyolaryngeal mechanism

A

Stretches open inhibited cricopharyngeus forming upper esophageal sphincter.
Suprahyoid muscles comprise ant. group that suspends hyoid bone, and long pharyngeal muscles form post. group that suspends larynx
Thyrohyoid muscle intrinsic to hyolaryngeal complex and approximates larynx and hyoid synergistically with long pharyngeal muscle

33
Q

Exception to innervation of CN X in pharynx

A

stylopharyngeus

34
Q

larynx

A

specialized structure at the superior end of the airway

35
Q

Larynx functions

A

Valve to protect airway from food/liquid passing through pharynx during swallowing
Modifies air for sound production during vocalization
Valve to close the airway to increase intrathoracic pressure during coughing, straining, etc

36
Q

Skeleton of larynx

A

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilages
Epiglottic cartilage

37
Q

Membranes and ligaments

A

Thyrohyoid membrane
Vocal ligament (vocal folds)
Cricothyroid ligament
Cricotracheal ligament

38
Q

Joints

A

Cricothyroid joint

Cricoarytenoid joints

39
Q

relationship between thyroid cartilage and crico cartilage

A

thyroid cartilage moves relative to crico cartilage

40
Q

mucosa in laryngeal structure

A

gives smooth contour to larynx

41
Q

laryngeal inlet

A

entry into airway

42
Q

piriform recess

A

entry into esophagus

43
Q

intrinsic muscles of larynx

A

cricothyroid, posterior crico-arytenoid, transverse arytenoid, thyro-arytenoid, lateral crico-arytenoid, oblique arytenoid

44
Q

Cricothyroid IM

A

M: Only muscle that tenses vocal fold
I: External laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

45
Q

thyroarytenoid M

A

Shorten / relax vocal folds

46
Q

Vocalis M

A

Modify tension of fold

47
Q

Posterior crico-arytenoid M

A

Abduct (open) vocal folds

48
Q

Lateral crico-arytenoid M

A

Adduct (close) vocal folds

49
Q

Transverse and oblique arytenoids M

A

Adduct (close) vocal folds

50
Q

motor innervation of larynx

A

Entirely via branches of the vagus nerve:
External laryngeal nerve I: cricothyroid muscle
Inferior/recurrent laryngeal nerve I: all other muscles

51
Q

sensory innervation of larynx

A

Above the folds: internal laryngeal nerve

Below the folds: inferior/recurrent laryngeal nerve

52
Q

vasculature of larynx

A

Via superior and inferior laryngeal arteries

53
Q

endotracheal intubation

A 
Procedure to maintain airway, Tube is typically passed through the
oral cavity (orotracheal intubation) but in some cases may
be passed through nasal cavity (nasotracheal intubation).
54
Q

what is essential in endotracheal intubation

A

ensure tube passes into the trachea. Balloon is inflated distal to the vocal folds.

Human Body Systems (17 decks)

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