Face and Infratemporal Fossa Flashcards
face
anterior aspect of the head in between the eyebrow and the chin, base of mandible; also from ear to ear
Scalp
covers the superior, lateral and posterior of the calvaria
What layers make up the scalp from superficial to deep?
Skin, CT, aponeurosis, loose areolar tissue, and periosteum
What makes up scalp proper?
Skin, CT, and aponeurosis
What is within skin layer?
hair and sebaceous glands
What is within CT layer of scalp?
fibrofatty tissue, blood vessels and nerves, holding skin and aponeurosis together
What makes up aponeurosis layer of scalp?
thin tendinous sheet connects the occipital and frontal bellies of occipitofrontalis muscle.
Occipitalfrontalis muscle IM
M: Moving of the scalp, Wrinkles the forehead • , Raises the eyebrows
I: CNVII
Occipitalfrontalis muscle arterial supply
Branches of internal
carotid artery and external carotid artery
What is in loose areolar tissue and function
allowing movement of scalp proper, contains emissary veins
Periosteum function
covers the bone surface
Characteristics of face/facial muscles
Muscle of facial expression
Very vascular, face blush or blanch
Face wounds bleed profusely but heal rapidly Sebaceous gland – acne
Functional groups of facial muscles
Orbital
Nasal
Oral
Muscles in orbital group and location to one another
Orbicularis oculi – superficial
Corrugator supercilii – deep to orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oculi IM
M: Orbital – forcefully closes the eyelid
Palpebral – gently closes the eyelid
I: CNVII
Corrugator supercilii IM
M: Draw the eyebrows
medially and downward
I: CNVII
Muscles within Nasal group
Nasalis – Transverse and Alar
Procerus
Depressor septi
Nasalis IM
M: Transverse – compresses nasal aperture
Alar – opens nostril
I: CNVII
Procerus IM
M: Draws the medial
eyebrows downward Makes transverse
wrinkles over the bridge of nose
I: CNVII
Depressor Septi IM
M: Pull the nose inferiorly
I: CNVII
Muscles in oral group
Obicularis oris Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Levator labii superioris Depressor labii inferioris Zygoma>cus major and minor Levator anguli oris Depressor anguli oris Buccinator Risorius Mentalis
Obicularis oris, buccinator, and mentalis I
CNVII
Obicularis oris M
closes lips, protrudes lips
buccinator M
compress cheeks, pressing checks
against teeth
mentalis M
Raise and protrude lower lip and wrinkle skin on chin
Levator labii superioris alaeque masi (LLSAN) IM
M: Most medial, lift
upper lip and open nostrils
I: CNVII
levator labii superioris IM
M: Lateral to LLSAN, lift
upper lip
I: CNVII
zygomaticus major and minor IM
M: Major – help smile,
raise corner of the mouth
Minor – help smile
I: CNVII
Levator anguli oris IM
M: raise corner of the
mouth
I: CNVII
Depressor anguli oris IM
M: Depress corner of the
mouth
I: CNVII
depressor labii inferioris IM
M: Depress lower lip
I: CNVII
Risorius IM
M: Pull the mouth
backward and outward
I: CNVII
arterial supply of face
primarily from branches of external carotid artery (ECA) and small contribution from internal carotid artery (ICA)
Branches of ECA
Facial artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery
anatomical landmarks of mandible
Condyle process (Head, Neck) Coronoid process Ramus Body Mental foramen
What is mandible attached to?
Mandibular fossa
Tempeoromandibular joint (TMJ): what kind of joint and how it is divided
Synovial joint with an articular disc
Divided into upper and lower joint cavity
Ligaments of TMJ
Temporomandibular ligament (Lateral & capsular ligaments w/ capsular deeper)
Stylomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
Functions of TMJ ligaments
Prevent dislocation
Connect mandible to cranium
Define the movement border of mandible
Movements of mandible
Protrusion
Retraction
Elevation
Depression
Muscles of mastication
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
M of temporalis and masseter
elevation of mandible
Medial pterygoid M
elevation of mandible
lateral pterygoid M
protrusion of mandible
Temporal fossa
Narrow fan shape at the
lateral aspect of the skull
Infratemporal fossa
Irregular shape, inferior of temporal fossa and deep and inferior to zygomatic arch
Borders of temporal fossa
Superior: superior temporal line
Inferior: zygomatic arch
Anterior: frontal process of zygomatic bone, zygomatic process of frontal bone
Floor: frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid
contents of temporal fossa
Temporalis muscle
Branches of CNV
Branches of maxillary artery
Branches of superficial temporal artery
borders of infratemporal fossa
Superior: greater wing of sphenoid Inferior: medial pterygoid Anterior: posterior of maxilla Posterior: mastoid and styloid process Lateral: ramus of mandible
contents of infratemporal fossa
Inferior part of temporalis muscle Sphenomandibular ligament; lateral and medial pterygoid Maxillary artery and its branches Branches of CNV, CNVII, CNIX Otic ganglion
borders of external, middle, and inner ear
External ear – middle ear: tympanic membrane Middle ear – internal ear: within the temporal bone
External ear components
Auricle and external acoustic canal
Components of auricle
Majorly cartilage Helix Lobule Concha Tragus Antitragus
components of middle ear
Tympanic membrane, pharyngotympanic tube, auditory ossicles, tensor tympani, stapedius, and epitympanic recess
What is tympanic membrane attached to?
malleus
Function of pharyngotympanic tube
equalizes pressure
Components and function of auditory ossicles
Function: Transmit vibration
Components: Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Tensor tympani function
tenses tympanic membrane
Stapedius function
Preventing excessive oscillation
Components of inner ear
Within temporal bone Bony labyrinth
Membranous labyrinth Organ of balance
Organ of hearing
Components of organ of balance
Semicircular canals and ducts
Utricle
Saccule
Components of organ of hearing
Cochlea and cochlear duct
