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Human Body Systems > Organization of Head and Neck > Flashcards

Organization of Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

ways to organize head and neck

A

via cranial nerves or via vasculature

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2
Q

Motor CN function

A

move sets of muscles in the H&N

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3
Q

Involuntary motor CN function

A

Glands of H&N

Eye accommodation & constriction

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4
Q

Sensory CN function

A

convey sensation from regions of the H&N OR special senses

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5
Q

V1

A

Opthalmic branch of trigeminal CN (superior)

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6
Q

V2

A

Maxillary branch of trigeminal CN (middle)

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7
Q

V3

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal CN (inferior)

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8
Q

Passageways of trigeminal nerves

A

Foramen ovale
superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum

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9
Q

internal region

A

consists of the brain, cranial meninges, and inner table of the skull

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10
Q

External/superficial region

A

everything else but brain, meninges, and inner table of skull

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11
Q

Are there anastomatic connections between internal and external regions and H&N?

A

YES

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12
Q

Carotid system

A

paired common carotid arteries ascend in the neck to divide into the internal and external carotid arteries, which supply the internal and external regions, respectively.

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13
Q

Subclavian system

A

vertebral arteries ascend from the subclavian arteries and distribute branches to neck structures and terminate within the head, where they supply the internal region (brain and internal cranium.)

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14
Q

How brain receives oxygen rich blood

A

two paired systems of arteries, the internal carotid and vertebral arteries that communicate freely with each other via the Circle of Willis.

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15
Q

Carotid sheath

A

ascial sheath through which the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve pass vertically through the neck

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16
Q

Carotid body

A

sensitive to blood O2, CO2, pH, and temperature (chemoreception)

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17
Q

Carotid sinus

A

sensitive to arterial blood pressure changes (baroreception)

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18
Q

Sensory innervation from carotid body and sinus travels in ___

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)/ General visceral afferent

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19
Q

Branches of external carotid from superior to inferior vessels

A 
Superficial temporal
Maxillary
Posterior auricular
Occipital
Facial
Lingual
Ascending pharyngeal
Superior thyroid
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20
Q

Inferior thyroid artery

A

branch of thyrocervical trunk

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21
Q

Superficial temporal artery branches again to give off ___

A

transverse facial artery, another contributor to face

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22
Q

maxillary artery pathway

A

asses antero-medially across the infratemporal fossa, the space between the mandible and the skeleton of the midface.

23
Q

Infratemporal fossa

A

contains maxillary artery and the muscles of mastication and the nerves that innervate them (branches of V3).

24
Q

internal carotid enters skill via

A

Carotid canal

25
Q

Internal carotid artery pathway

A

travels superiorly within the carotid sheath to the base of the skull to pass through a canal in the bone to emerge into the middle cranial fossa.

26
Q

Internal carotid artery supplies ____

A

eye, orbit, forehead, and much of the cerebrum.

27
Q

Part of internal carotid artery

A

Cervical part
Petrous part (travels through petrous part of temporal bone)
Cavernous part (in cavernous sinus)
Cerebral part

28
Q

Branches of cerebral part of internal carotid

A

anterior, medial, and ophthalmic branches

29
Q

anterior cerebral part of artery supplies ____

A

medial aspects of the

anterior cerebral hemispheres

30
Q

Middle cerebral part of artery supplies ____

A

temporal lobe, anterolateral frontal lobe, and parietal lobe

31
Q

ophthalmic cerebral part of artery supplies ____

A

walls of orbit and structures within the orbit as well as skin anterior to the orbit (eyelid, skin around the eye)

32
Q

central artery of retina passes into ___

A

Optic nerve, with which it enters the back of the eye to reach the retina

33
Q

What does it mean that the central artery of retina is a true end artery?

A

its occlusion (obstruction) results in instant and complete blindness in the affected eye.

34
Q

Subclavian arterial supply to brain

A

vertebral artery, cervical part, atlantic part, intracranial parts, internal carotid

35
Q

Contribution of vertebral arteries to circle of willis

A

posterior cerebral and basilar arteries

36
Q

Branches of internal carotid in circle of willis

A

anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, ophthalmic, and posterior communicating arteries

37
Q

Circle of willis

A

high redundant so one part could be compromised and brain would still be alright

38
Q

venous blood pathway in head and neck

A

returns from the head and neck via internal jugular, external jugular, vertebral, and inferior thyroid veins.

39
Q

Are there more or less communications between internal and external venous systems compared with arteries?

A

MORE

40
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

Artery between dura and skull breaks and bleeds into the epidural space so the periosteal dura is slowly pushed away from the bone to create lens-shaped defect in cross section.

41
Q

subdural hematoma

A

Low-pressure venous bleeding from bridging veins that drain neural tissue into dural sinuses and cross the arachnoid space. When torn, blood dissects arachnoid from dura, and the blood layers out along the cerebral convexity. Brain shifts away from bleed and ventricles compress

42
Q

Subdural hematomas common in what kind of injury?

A

acceleration/deceleration injuries that cause the brain to move relative to skull

43
Q

Subarachnoid hemmorrhage

A

Extravasation of blood into the subarachnoid space between the pial and arachnoid membranes causing blood to be diffusely through the brain
Caused by trauma or aneurysm

44
Q

Dura layers

A

outer (periosteal) and inner (meningeal) layers

45
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

Endothelium-lined channels in the spaces where the layers of the dura diverge so
venous blood runs through them to drain from the brain out of the skull

46
Q

Dural venous sinus names

A

Superior and inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, confluence of sinuses, great cerebral vein, 2 sigmoid sinuses, 2 superior petrosal sinuses, inferior petrosal sinus, cavernous sinus, and ophthalmic vein

47
Q

Internal jugular vein (IJV)

A

main venous structure in the neck. It descends through the neck in the carotid sheath.

48
Q

IJV originates as ____

A

continuation of the S-shaped sigmoid (dural venous) sinus

49
Q

Where does IJV terminate?

A

Terminates superior to the sternoclavicular joint by uniting with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.

50
Q

What prevents reflux of blood into IJV?

A

large valve near its termination

51
Q

What is IJV used for clinically?

A

access location for central line placement

52
Q

What is main landmark for identifying IJV?

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

53
Q

What surrounds IJV in chains in neck?

A

Lymph nodes

54
Q

Are veins superficial or deep to arteries?

A

Superficial

Human Body Systems (17 decks)

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