Upper Extemity Flashcards
Axilla Boundaries (apex, base, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral)
apex = 1st rib/clavicle base = skin of axilla anterior= pectoral mm. posterior= scapula, subscapular m. medial = thoracic wall, serratus anterior m. lateral= humerus
axilla contents
axillary n, axillary a., axillary v., 3 cords of brachial plexus, axillary lymph nodes
Functions, innervation, and arterial supply of anterior compartment
shoulder & elbow flexion
musculocutaneous n.
brachial a.
Functions, innervation, and arterial supply of posterior compartment of arm
shoulder & elbow extension
radial n.
profunda brachii a.
Lateral cord of musculocutaneous nerve branches to which 3 muscles
coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis
Posterior cord of radial nerve innervates which two muscles
triceps brachii, anconeus
Artery in the triangular space
circumflex scapular a.
Nerve and artery in triceps hiatus
radial n.
profunda brachii a.
5 Axillary Lymph Nodes
central, apical, subscapular, humeral, pectoral
Where does lateral arm & shoulder lymph drain into?
infraclavicular lymph node
What lymph node does the hand, forearm, medial arm, and deep forearm drain into?
humeral lymph node
What lymph node does posterior shoulder, posterior thorax, and scapula drain into?
Subscapular
What lymph node does anterior thorax and breast drain into?
pectoral
What lymph node does hand and forearm drain into?
supratrochlear
What three lymph nodes drain into the central lymph node?
Humeral, pectoral, subscapular
True or False: The Dorsal Scapular nerve has motor, postganglionic sympathetic, and sensory function
False: dorsal scapular nerve does not have sensory function
Muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi
Muscles innervated by radial nerve
Triceps brachial
Brachioradialis
Anconenous
Extensor forearm muscles
Name the 3 articulations at the elbow and what kind of synovial joint they are
Humeroulnar: hinge
Humeroradial: gliding
Proximal radioulnar: pivot
What happens to the carrying angle of the elbow when in flexion?
Angle decreases
Normal carrying angle for elbow for female & male
Female = 10°-15° Male = 5-10°
Excessive cubitus valgus
Greater than 30°
Gun stock deformity/ severe cubitus varus
> -15°
Where are bursae located in the elbow?
Olecranon, medial & lateral epicondyle, anconeous, origin of extensorycarpi radialis brevis
Pronation and supination must occur _______ at both _____ and ____ _______ joints
simultaneously; proximal; ulnar; radioulnar
Superficial anterior compartment of forearm contains which muscles
Pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
Intermediate anterior compartment contains which muscle
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep anterior compartment of forearm contains which muscles?
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
Medial epicondyle is a common spot for which muscles to attach? Lateral epicondyle?
Medial = flexors Lateral = extensors
Posterior compartment of forearm: actions, innervation, arterial supply
extension, supination
radial nerve
radial artery/ posterior interosseus
Superficial muscles of posterior compartment of forearm
brachioradialis
e. carpi radialis longus
e. carpi radialis brevis
e. carpi ulnaris
e. digiti minimi
e. digitorum
Deep layer of posterior compartment of forearm (including outcropping thumb muscles)
supinator
extensor indicis
thumb muscles: abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus
What ligament is a part of the flexor retinaculum?
Transverse carpal ligament
What does the flexor retinaculum attach to on the ulnar and radial side?
Ulnar: hook of hamate, pisiform
Radial: trapezium, scaphoid
How many extensor compartments are there and what tendons run through each one?
Six
1: abductor pollicis longus, extensory pollicis longus
2: extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis
3: extensor pollicis longus
4: extensor digitorum, extensor indicis
5: extensor digiti minimi
6: extensor carpi ulnaris
What muscle’s tendon turns at the dorsal tubercle of the radius?
extensor pollicis longus
what are the boundaries of the anatomical snuff box dorasally and palmarly?
dorsal: EPL (3rd compartment)
palmar: APL, EPB (1st compartment)
What two annular palmar digital sheaths is most critical for preventing bowstringing of tendons? Where are they situated?
A2 and A4
A2= between MP joint and PIP joint
A4= between PIP joint and DIP joint
What are the intertendinous connections of the extensor digitorum called and what is there purpose?
Juncturae tendinum
distribute forces
What do the lumbrical muscles attach to?
tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
What ligament(s) are taut in digital flexion?
radial and ulnar collateral ligaments of the digits
What is the volar plate?
Palmar ligament; prevents finger hyperextension
What is the extensor mechanism?
tendon covering of dorsal aspect of digits
cable system that extends MCP joints and IPJ
Allows lumbricals and interossei muscles to assist in MCP flexion
The 1st and 2nd lumbricals are innervated by? 3rd and 4th?
Median; ulnar
Which joints are classified as condyloid?
Radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal,
What classification of joint is interphalangeal joints (PIP, DIP)?
Hinge
What is the joint classification of the first carpometacarpal joint? The 2nd-5th?
Saddle
Plane/gliding
