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Anatomy > Upper Extemity > Flashcards

Upper Extemity Flashcards

1
Q

Axilla Boundaries (apex, base, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral)

A 
apex = 1st rib/clavicle
base = skin of axilla
anterior= pectoral mm.
posterior= scapula, subscapular m.
medial = thoracic wall, serratus anterior m.
lateral= humerus
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2
Q

axilla contents

A

axillary n, axillary a., axillary v., 3 cords of brachial plexus, axillary lymph nodes

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3
Q

Functions, innervation, and arterial supply of anterior compartment

A

shoulder & elbow flexion
musculocutaneous n.
brachial a.

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4
Q

Functions, innervation, and arterial supply of posterior compartment of arm

A

shoulder & elbow extension
radial n.
profunda brachii a.

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5
Q

Lateral cord of musculocutaneous nerve branches to which 3 muscles

A

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis

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6
Q

Posterior cord of radial nerve innervates which two muscles

A

triceps brachii, anconeus

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7
Q

Artery in the triangular space

A

circumflex scapular a.

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8
Q

Nerve and artery in triceps hiatus

A

radial n.

profunda brachii a.

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9
Q

5 Axillary Lymph Nodes

A

central, apical, subscapular, humeral, pectoral

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10
Q

Where does lateral arm & shoulder lymph drain into?

A

infraclavicular lymph node

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11
Q

What lymph node does the hand, forearm, medial arm, and deep forearm drain into?

A

humeral lymph node

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12
Q

What lymph node does posterior shoulder, posterior thorax, and scapula drain into?

A

Subscapular

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13
Q

What lymph node does anterior thorax and breast drain into?

A

pectoral

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14
Q

What lymph node does hand and forearm drain into?

A

supratrochlear

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15
Q

What three lymph nodes drain into the central lymph node?

A

Humeral, pectoral, subscapular

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16
Q

True or False: The Dorsal Scapular nerve has motor, postganglionic sympathetic, and sensory function

A

False: dorsal scapular nerve does not have sensory function

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17
Q

Muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi

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18
Q

Muscles innervated by radial nerve

A

Triceps brachial
Brachioradialis
Anconenous
Extensor forearm muscles

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19
Q

Name the 3 articulations at the elbow and what kind of synovial joint they are

A

Humeroulnar: hinge
Humeroradial: gliding
Proximal radioulnar: pivot

20
Q

What happens to the carrying angle of the elbow when in flexion?

A

Angle decreases

21
Q

Normal carrying angle for elbow for female & male

A 
Female = 10°-15°
Male = 5-10°
22
Q

Excessive cubitus valgus

A

Greater than 30°

23
Q

Gun stock deformity/ severe cubitus varus

A

> -15°

24
Q

Where are bursae located in the elbow?

A

Olecranon, medial & lateral epicondyle, anconeous, origin of extensorycarpi radialis brevis

25
Q

Pronation and supination must occur _______ at both _____ and ____ _______ joints

A

simultaneously; proximal; ulnar; radioulnar

26
Q

Superficial anterior compartment of forearm contains which muscles

A

Pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

27
Q

Intermediate anterior compartment contains which muscle

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

28
Q

Deep anterior compartment of forearm contains which muscles?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

29
Q

Medial epicondyle is a common spot for which muscles to attach? Lateral epicondyle?

A 
Medial = flexors 
Lateral = extensors
30
Q

Posterior compartment of forearm: actions, innervation, arterial supply

A

extension, supination
radial nerve
radial artery/ posterior interosseus

31
Q

Superficial muscles of posterior compartment of forearm

A

brachioradialis

e. carpi radialis longus
e. carpi radialis brevis
e. carpi ulnaris
e. digiti minimi
e. digitorum

32
Q

Deep layer of posterior compartment of forearm (including outcropping thumb muscles)

A

supinator
extensor indicis
thumb muscles: abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus

33
Q

What ligament is a part of the flexor retinaculum?

A

Transverse carpal ligament

34
Q

What does the flexor retinaculum attach to on the ulnar and radial side?

A

Ulnar: hook of hamate, pisiform
Radial: trapezium, scaphoid

35
Q

How many extensor compartments are there and what tendons run through each one?

A

Six

1: abductor pollicis longus, extensory pollicis longus
2: extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis
3: extensor pollicis longus
4: extensor digitorum, extensor indicis
5: extensor digiti minimi
6: extensor carpi ulnaris

36
Q

What muscle’s tendon turns at the dorsal tubercle of the radius?

A

extensor pollicis longus

37
Q

what are the boundaries of the anatomical snuff box dorasally and palmarly?

A

dorsal: EPL (3rd compartment)
palmar: APL, EPB (1st compartment)

38
Q

What two annular palmar digital sheaths is most critical for preventing bowstringing of tendons? Where are they situated?

A

A2 and A4
A2= between MP joint and PIP joint
A4= between PIP joint and DIP joint

39
Q

What are the intertendinous connections of the extensor digitorum called and what is there purpose?

A

Juncturae tendinum

distribute forces

40
Q

What do the lumbrical muscles attach to?

A

tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

41
Q

What ligament(s) are taut in digital flexion?

A

radial and ulnar collateral ligaments of the digits

42
Q

What is the volar plate?

A

Palmar ligament; prevents finger hyperextension

43
Q

What is the extensor mechanism?

A

tendon covering of dorsal aspect of digits
cable system that extends MCP joints and IPJ
Allows lumbricals and interossei muscles to assist in MCP flexion

44
Q

The 1st and 2nd lumbricals are innervated by? 3rd and 4th?

A

Median; ulnar

45
Q

Which joints are classified as condyloid?

A

Radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal,

46
Q

What classification of joint is interphalangeal joints (PIP, DIP)?

A

Hinge

47
Q

What is the joint classification of the first carpometacarpal joint? The 2nd-5th?

A

Saddle

Plane/gliding

Anatomy (17 decks)

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