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Anatomy > LE > Flashcards

LE Flashcards

1
Q

Hip Flexors

A 
Iliacus
Psoas major
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Tensor fasciae latae
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus (adductor part)
Pectineus
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2
Q

Hip Extensors

A 
Adductor magnus (hamstring part)
Gluteus maximus
Long head of biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosis
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3
Q

Knee Extensors

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis

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4
Q

Knee Flexors

A 
Sartorius
Gracilis
Biceps femoris (both heads)
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
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5
Q

Hip Lateral Rotators

A 
Sartorius
Obturator externus
Superior gemellus
Inferior gemellus
Gluteus maximus
Obturator internus
Piriformis
Quadratus femoris
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6
Q

Hip Medial Rotators

A 
Tensor fasciae latae
Adductor longus
Gracilis
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimis
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7
Q

Hip Abductors

A 
Sartorius
Tensor fasciae latae
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimis
Piriformis
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8
Q

Hip Adductors

A 
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Pectineus
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9
Q

Knee Medial Rotators

A

Sartorius (assists)
Gracilis
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

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10
Q

Knee Lateral Rotators

A

Biceps femoris

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11
Q

Dorsiflexors

A

Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius
Tibialis anterior

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12
Q

Muscles of eversion

A

Fibularis tertius
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

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13
Q

Muscles of inversion

A

Tibialis anterior

Tibialis posterior

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14
Q

Plantarflexors

A 
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus
Tibialis posterior
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15
Q

When do the ischiopubic rami fuse? Fully fuse?

A

7-8

15-25

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16
Q

What ligaments stabilize the SI joint?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

Sacrotuberous ligament

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17
Q

Capsular ligaments and what they do?

A

Iliofemoral ligament: can hold the body weight balanced over the femoral heads
Pubofemoral ligament
Iliofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament

taut with extension

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18
Q

Boundaries of greater sciatic foramen

A

anterior sacroiliac ligament
sacrotuberous ligament
sacrospinous ligament
greater sciatic notch

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19
Q

Boundaries of lesser sciatic foramen

A

spine of ischium
sacrotuberous ligament
tuberosity of ischium

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20
Q

Contents of greater sciatic foramen

A 
piriformis
sciatic n.
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
superior gluteal vessels/ n. 
inferior gluteal vessels / n. 
internal pudendal vessels
pudendal n.
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21
Q

Contents of lesser sciatic foramen

A

obturator internus
internal pudendal vessels
pudendal n.

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22
Q

What is the weakest point and most commonly fractured part of the pelvis?

A

between pubis and ischium

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23
Q

Primary arterial supply of head and neck of the femur in children? Adults?

A

obturator artery

medial circumflex femoral artery (most of the time)

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24
Q

Trendelenburg gait

A

pelvis tilts away from affected side

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25
Q

What muscle is between the gemellus superior and inferior?

A

obturator internus

26
Q

What muscle is deep to the obturator externus?

A

quadratus femoris

27
Q

Lateral rotators have attachments ____ to the longitudinal axis of rotation

Medial rotators have attachments ______ to the longitudinal axis of rotation

A

posterior

anterior

28
Q

What nerve is deep to the piriformis m.?

A

sciatic n.

29
Q

Borders of the femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament superiorly
adductor longus medially
sartorius laterally

floor: iliopsoas, pectineus

30
Q

Contents of the femoral triangle

A

femoral nerve, artery, and vein

31
Q

Functions, innervation of anterior compartment of the thigh

A

hip flexion, knee extension

femoral n.

32
Q

The saphenous branch of the femoral nerve descends through _____ and enters ______

A

femoral triangle, adductor canal

33
Q

Functions, innervation, and blood supply of medial compartment of the thigh

A

thigh adduction, lateral rotation
obturator nerve
obturator artery

34
Q

Functions and innervation of posterior compartment of the thigh

A

Hip extension, knee flexion

tibial division of sciatic n.

35
Q

Boundaries of popliteal fossa

A

semitendinosus, biceps femoris, heads of gastrocnemius

floor (deep): popliteal surface of femur, joint capsule of knee, popliteus

36
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa

A

(superficial to deep)
tibial n.
popliteal v.
popliteal a.

37
Q

Which femoral condyle is large and what function does that play?

A

Medial femoral condyle

The tibia will externally rotate as the knee reaches full extension
Provides increases stability

38
Q

What is the function of the popliteus muscle?

A

internally rotates the tibia on the femus to allow for initiation of flexion

“unlocks” knee

39
Q

Describe the menisci

A

Medial is larger, C shaped, and attached to MCL
Lateral is smaller, O shaped

absorb shock, decrease friction, increase contact area

40
Q

Where is blood flow greatest in the menisci?

A

peripheral 1/3

41
Q

Intracapsular ligaments of the knee

A

Anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament

42
Q

Extracapsular knee ligaments

A

Lateral collateral and medial collateral

43
Q

Cutaneous nerve distribution

A

Yellow = lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Red = femoral nerve

Purple = saphenous nerve

44
Q

What are the 3 septa of the crural fascia and what compartments do they separate?

A

Anterior intermuscular septum: lateral and anterior

Posterior intermuscular septum: lateral and posterior

Transverse intermuscular septum: superficial and deep posterior

45
Q

Thickenings of the talocrural fascia & their attachments

A

superior extensor retinaculum: distal tibia to distal fibula

inferior extensor retinaculum: calcaneous to navicular & medial malleolus

superior fibular retinaculum: lateral mallelous to calcaneus

inferior fibular retinaculum: inferior extensor retinaculum to calcaneous

46
Q

Anterior compartment of the leg muscles, functions, innervation , and blood supply

A

tibialis anterior, e. hallucis longus, e. digitorum longus, fibularis tertius

dorsiflexion, inversion, toe extension, eversion IF fibularis tertius could be isolated

deep fibular nerve

anterior tibial artery

47
Q

Lateral compartment of leg muscles, functions, innervation, and blood supply

A

fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

eversion, plantarflexion

superficial fibular nerve

fibular artery

48
Q

Superficial posterior compartment of leg muscles, functions, innervation, and blood supply

A

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

plantarflexion, knee flexion

tibial nerve

posterior tibial artery

49
Q

Deep posterior compartment of the leg muscles, functions, innervation, and blood supply

A

popliteus, f. digitorum longus, f. hallucis longus, tibialis posterior

plantarflexion, inversion, toe flexion, knee flexion

tibial nerve

posterior tibial artery

50
Q

What is the course of the common fibular nerve?

A

deep to proximal fibularis longus

curves lateral to neck of fibula

splits deep to fibularis longus

51
Q

Course of superficial fibular nerve

A

begins at the bifurcation of common fibular nerve

supplies fibularis longus and brevis

emerges as cutaneous branch

52
Q

Course of deep fibular nerve

A

approaches the interosseus membrane

between tibialis anterior and e. hallucis longus

descends with anterior tibial artery

53
Q

Course of tibial nerve

A

joins with popliteal artery and vein

continuous one with posterior tibial artery

gives off sural nerve

splits into lateral and medial plantar nn. in foot

54
Q

1st plantar layer of muscles in foot and innervation

A

flexor digitorum brevis
abductor hallucis
abductor digiti minimi

lateral/medial plantar nn.

55
Q

2nd plantar layer of muscles in foot and innervation

A

quadratus plantae
lumbricals

lateral/ medial plantar nn.

56
Q

3rd layer of plantar muscles and innervation

A

adductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
flexor digiti minimi brevis

lateral / medial plantar nn.

57
Q

4th layer of plantar muscles and innervation

A

plantar interossei
dorsal interossei

lateral plantar n.

58
Q

What muscles are on the dorsal aspect of the foot and what are they innervated by?

A

extensor hallucis brevis
extensor digitorum brevis

deep fibular nerve

59
Q

What nerve runs deep to abductor hallucis ?

A

medial plantar nerve

60
Q

What tendons run posterior to medial malleolus from medial to lateral?

A 
tibialis posterior (Tom)
flexor digitorum longus (Dick)
posterior tibial artery (And)
posterior tibial vein (Very)
tibial artery (Nervous)
flexor hallucis longus (Harry)
61
Q

What are the 7 tarsal bones?

A

talus, calcaneous, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform

Anatomy (17 decks)

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