LE Flashcards
Hip Flexors
Iliacus Psoas major Rectus femoris Sartorius Tensor fasciae latae Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus (adductor part) Pectineus
Hip Extensors
Adductor magnus (hamstring part) Gluteus maximus Long head of biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosis
Knee Extensors
Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Knee Flexors
Sartorius Gracilis Biceps femoris (both heads) Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gastrocnemius Plantaris
Hip Lateral Rotators
Sartorius Obturator externus Superior gemellus Inferior gemellus Gluteus maximus Obturator internus Piriformis Quadratus femoris
Hip Medial Rotators
Tensor fasciae latae Adductor longus Gracilis Gluteus medius Gluteus minimis
Hip Abductors
Sartorius Tensor fasciae latae Gluteus medius Gluteus minimis Piriformis
Hip Adductors
Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis Pectineus
Knee Medial Rotators
Sartorius (assists)
Gracilis
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Knee Lateral Rotators
Biceps femoris
Dorsiflexors
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius
Tibialis anterior
Muscles of eversion
Fibularis tertius
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Muscles of inversion
Tibialis anterior
Tibialis posterior
Plantarflexors
Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Gastrocnemius Plantaris Soleus Tibialis posterior
When do the ischiopubic rami fuse? Fully fuse?
7-8
15-25
What ligaments stabilize the SI joint?
Sacrospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament
Capsular ligaments and what they do?
Iliofemoral ligament: can hold the body weight balanced over the femoral heads
Pubofemoral ligament
Iliofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
taut with extension
Boundaries of greater sciatic foramen
anterior sacroiliac ligament
sacrotuberous ligament
sacrospinous ligament
greater sciatic notch
Boundaries of lesser sciatic foramen
spine of ischium
sacrotuberous ligament
tuberosity of ischium
Contents of greater sciatic foramen
piriformis sciatic n. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve superior gluteal vessels/ n. inferior gluteal vessels / n. internal pudendal vessels pudendal n.
Contents of lesser sciatic foramen
obturator internus
internal pudendal vessels
pudendal n.
What is the weakest point and most commonly fractured part of the pelvis?
between pubis and ischium
Primary arterial supply of head and neck of the femur in children? Adults?
obturator artery
medial circumflex femoral artery (most of the time)
Trendelenburg gait
pelvis tilts away from affected side
What muscle is between the gemellus superior and inferior?
obturator internus
What muscle is deep to the obturator externus?
quadratus femoris
Lateral rotators have attachments ____ to the longitudinal axis of rotation
Medial rotators have attachments ______ to the longitudinal axis of rotation
posterior
anterior
What nerve is deep to the piriformis m.?
sciatic n.
Borders of the femoral triangle
inguinal ligament superiorly
adductor longus medially
sartorius laterally
floor: iliopsoas, pectineus
Contents of the femoral triangle
femoral nerve, artery, and vein
Functions, innervation of anterior compartment of the thigh
hip flexion, knee extension
femoral n.
The saphenous branch of the femoral nerve descends through _____ and enters ______
femoral triangle, adductor canal
Functions, innervation, and blood supply of medial compartment of the thigh
thigh adduction, lateral rotation
obturator nerve
obturator artery
Functions and innervation of posterior compartment of the thigh
Hip extension, knee flexion
tibial division of sciatic n.
Boundaries of popliteal fossa
semitendinosus, biceps femoris, heads of gastrocnemius
floor (deep): popliteal surface of femur, joint capsule of knee, popliteus
Contents of popliteal fossa
(superficial to deep)
tibial n.
popliteal v.
popliteal a.
Which femoral condyle is large and what function does that play?
Medial femoral condyle
The tibia will externally rotate as the knee reaches full extension
Provides increases stability
What is the function of the popliteus muscle?
internally rotates the tibia on the femus to allow for initiation of flexion
“unlocks” knee
Describe the menisci
Medial is larger, C shaped, and attached to MCL
Lateral is smaller, O shaped
absorb shock, decrease friction, increase contact area
Where is blood flow greatest in the menisci?
peripheral 1/3
Intracapsular ligaments of the knee
Anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament
Extracapsular knee ligaments
Lateral collateral and medial collateral
Cutaneous nerve distribution
Yellow = lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Red = femoral nerve
Purple = saphenous nerve
What are the 3 septa of the crural fascia and what compartments do they separate?
Anterior intermuscular septum: lateral and anterior
Posterior intermuscular septum: lateral and posterior
Transverse intermuscular septum: superficial and deep posterior
Thickenings of the talocrural fascia & their attachments
superior extensor retinaculum: distal tibia to distal fibula
inferior extensor retinaculum: calcaneous to navicular & medial malleolus
superior fibular retinaculum: lateral mallelous to calcaneus
inferior fibular retinaculum: inferior extensor retinaculum to calcaneous
Anterior compartment of the leg muscles, functions, innervation , and blood supply
tibialis anterior, e. hallucis longus, e. digitorum longus, fibularis tertius
dorsiflexion, inversion, toe extension, eversion IF fibularis tertius could be isolated
deep fibular nerve
anterior tibial artery
Lateral compartment of leg muscles, functions, innervation, and blood supply
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
eversion, plantarflexion
superficial fibular nerve
fibular artery
Superficial posterior compartment of leg muscles, functions, innervation, and blood supply
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
plantarflexion, knee flexion
tibial nerve
posterior tibial artery
Deep posterior compartment of the leg muscles, functions, innervation, and blood supply
popliteus, f. digitorum longus, f. hallucis longus, tibialis posterior
plantarflexion, inversion, toe flexion, knee flexion
tibial nerve
posterior tibial artery
What is the course of the common fibular nerve?
deep to proximal fibularis longus
curves lateral to neck of fibula
splits deep to fibularis longus
Course of superficial fibular nerve
begins at the bifurcation of common fibular nerve
supplies fibularis longus and brevis
emerges as cutaneous branch
Course of deep fibular nerve
approaches the interosseus membrane
between tibialis anterior and e. hallucis longus
descends with anterior tibial artery
Course of tibial nerve
joins with popliteal artery and vein
continuous one with posterior tibial artery
gives off sural nerve
splits into lateral and medial plantar nn. in foot
1st plantar layer of muscles in foot and innervation
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor hallucis
abductor digiti minimi
lateral/medial plantar nn.
2nd plantar layer of muscles in foot and innervation
quadratus plantae
lumbricals
lateral/ medial plantar nn.
3rd layer of plantar muscles and innervation
adductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
flexor digiti minimi brevis
lateral / medial plantar nn.
4th layer of plantar muscles and innervation
plantar interossei
dorsal interossei
lateral plantar n.
What muscles are on the dorsal aspect of the foot and what are they innervated by?
extensor hallucis brevis
extensor digitorum brevis
deep fibular nerve
What nerve runs deep to abductor hallucis ?
medial plantar nerve
What tendons run posterior to medial malleolus from medial to lateral?
tibialis posterior (Tom) flexor digitorum longus (Dick) posterior tibial artery (And) posterior tibial vein (Very) tibial artery (Nervous) flexor hallucis longus (Harry)
What are the 7 tarsal bones?
talus, calcaneous, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform
