Final Exam LOs Flashcards
What motions does the coracoclavicular ligament restrict?
medial displacement, protraction, and elevation of AC joint
What function does the acromioclavicular ligament have?
stabilize AC joint
What motions does the coracoacromial ligament restrict?
superior displacement of humeral head
What function does the coracohumeral ligament have?
reinforce superolateral aspects of joint capsule
What does the superior transverse scapular ligament do?
closes off suprascapular notch
What function does the glenohumeral ligaments have?
stabilize GH joint
What motion does the costoclavicular ligament restrict?
elevation of clavicle and stabilze SC joint
What motion does the ulnar collateral ligament restrict?
excessive cubital valgus
What motion does the radial collateral ligament restrict?
excessive cubital varus
What is the function of the anular ligament?
stabilize proximal radioulnar joint
What is the function of the transverse carpal ligament?
prevent bowstringing of flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, and flexor digitorum profundus tendons
What are the attachments of the sacrotuberous ligament and the function?
PIIs, lateral sacrum to ischial tuberosity
stabilize SI joint
What are the attachments of the sacrospinous ligament and function?
ischial spine to lateral sacrum
stabilize SI joint
What are the 3 capsular ligaments of the hip and what function do they serve?
iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral
taut with extension
Attachments of iliofemoral ligament?
AIIS to intertrochanteric line
Attachments of pubofemoral ligament?
iliopubic eminence & superior pubic ramus to fibrous capsule of hip
Attachments of ischiofemoral ligament?
ischium posterior to acetabulum to greater trochanter
Attachments of ligamentum teres?
fovea of femoral head to acetabular notch
Function of the transverse acetabular ligament?
interconnect acetabular notch
Attachments and function of medial collateral ligament of knee?
medial epicondyle to medial condyle of tibia
resist genu valgus
Attachments of lateral collateral ligament of knee and function?
lateral epicondyle to head of fibula
resist genu varus
Attachments of anterior cruciate ligament and function?
medial anterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial posterior of lateral condyle of femur
prevent posterior displacement of femur & hyperextension
Attachments of posterior cruciate ligament & function?
posterior intercondylar area of tibia to lateral surface of medial condyle of femur
prevents anterior displacement of femur
Attachments of patellar ligament and function?
apex of patella to tibial tuberosity
resists knee flexion
Attachments of medial collateral ligaments (aka deltoid ligaments) of ankle and function?
medial malleolus to talus, navicular, and calcaneous
resists forced eversion
What are the capsular ligaments of the ankle and what motion do they resist?
ATFL, PTFL, calcaneofibular, lateral talocalaneal
resists inversion
Attachments of long plantar ligament and function?
plantar surface of calcaneous & cuboid to plantar surface of metatarsals
assists in creating arch of foot
What muscles are innervated by the buccal branch of the facial nerve?
buccinator, depressor anguli oris, levator labii superioris, nasalis, obicularis oris and oculi, zygomaticus major
What muscles are innervated by the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve?
levator labii superioris, obicularis oculi, zygomaticus major
What muscles are innervated by the temporal branch of the facial nerve?
frontalis, obicularis oculi
What muscles are innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve?
platysma
What muscles are innervated by the mandibular branch of the facial nerve?
depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, obicularis oris
What muscles are innervated superior ramus of the occulomotor nerve?
superior rectus, levator palpabrae superioris
What muscles are innervated by the inferior ramus of the oculomotor nerve?
inferior rectus, inferior oblique, medial rectus
What nerve innervates lateral rectus?
abducens nerve (CN VI)
What nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle?
trochlear nerve (CN IV)
What muscles are innervated by the mandibular nerve (V3)?
muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior digastric
What nerves innervate the geniohyoid and thyrohyoid?
ventral rami cervical spinal nerve via CN XII
What muscles are innervated by the ventral rami of the cervical spinal nerves? lower ?
longus capitis, longus colli, posterior scalene
anterior and middle scalene
What muscles are innervated by ansa cervicalis?
omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid
What nerves innervated sternocleidomastoid muscle?
CN XI and C1-2
What nerve innervated cricothyroid muscle?
external laryngeal nerve of CN X
What muscles are innervated by dorsal scapular nerve?
levator scapulae, rhomboids
What nerve innervates the serratus anterior?
long thoracic nerve
What nerve innervates supra and infraspinous mm?
suprascapular
What muscles are innervated by upper subscapular nerve?
subscapularis
What nerve innervates subscapularis & teres major?
lower subscapular n.
What muscles are innervated by axillary nerve?
deltoid & teres minor
What muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?
forearm extensors, triceps brachii, brachioradialis, anconeus, supinator
What nerve innervates biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis mm.?
musculocutaneous n.
What muscles are innervated by the medial nerve?
forearm flexors, lateral 2 lumbricals, pronators (teres & quadratus)
What muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?
flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, digiti minimi mm., medial 2 lumbricals
What makes up the anatomical snuff box dorsally and volarly? What is in the floor?
dorsal: extensor pollicis longus
volar: abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
floor: scaphoid
Angle of inclination > 125°
Coxa valga which leads to genu varus
lengthens lower extremity and increases load on femoral head, decreases load on femoral neck
Angle of inclination <125°
coxa vara leads to genu valgus
shortens lower extremity, increased load on femoral neck, decreased load on femoral head
What is the angle of torsion and what is a normal angle?
angle between axis of femoral condyles & axis of femoral head
8-15°
Excessive increased angle of torsion leads to ….
anteversion
Excessive decreased angle of torsion leads to ….
retroversion
How does the shoulder commonly dislocate?
anteriorly (displaces inferior and then humeral head moves anterior)
vulnerable to dislocation when arm is abducted
inferior joint capsule is not reinforced with muscles/ligaments
Process of intervertebral disc herniation
- Breakdown of anulus fibrosis
- Expulsion of nucleus pulposus
- Most commonly posterolateral
- PLL blocks expulsion in only posterior direction
- Enters intervertebral foramen
- Usually effects spinal nerve below
